Thomas Jefferson Papers
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Memorandum Books, 1791

1791.

         1791.         Philadelphia
Jan. 1. Cutting wood 2/3 etrennes to Printer’s boy .25 borrowed of Mr. Remsen 50.D.
2 
Pd. wages to  Francis 6.D. board 8.D. }  = 26.D.
Matthew 6.D. James 6.D. 
4. Pd. Wm. Clarke, bell hanger on acct. 5.D.
Pd. for 1⅞ cord wood 10.D. cutting &c. 5/7½.
5. Aitken4 for a bedstead £3–17–6—coach hire .25.
6. Borrowed of Mr. Remsen 12.D.
Pd. Robertson5 the blacksmith 35/.
7. Coach hire .5.
Recd. warrt. for a quarter’s salary & lodged in bank. viz. 875 D.
8. Recd. of bank a post bill payable to Wm. Lindsay to reimburse him freight of some of my furniture from
Havre to Norfolk 50.36 }  = 200.D.
Recd. in cash by Fras. Seche from bank  149.64
Pd. Bradly6 the tinman 29/9—pd. for broom 2/.
James hhd. xp. 3.D.—took possn. drawg. room & parlour.
Begin to dine at home.
Screws 2/9—hooks 5/—rack to lamp 3.D.
Cutting 1¾ cords wood 5/3.
10. Repd. H. Remsen for 1¾ cords wood £3–10.
Repd. him also the 62.D. borrowed Jan. 1. & 6.
Remdd. post note to Wm. Lindsay as above.
Billy’s wife (Mrs. Gardener)7 begins to wash for me @ £20. a year.
11. Pd. Long8 for a double book press £7.
 
Gave Mrs. House order on bank for 75⅓ D. in full.
Gave her servt. 2.D.—pd. for 1. doz. porter 1.D.
12. Recd. from bank a post note payable to Carter Braxton for 116⅔ D. & remitted it to him under cover to Dr. Currie to pay for the horse I bought of him.
Gave J. Madison ord. on bank for 95.26 D.
Recd. back from him 23.26 D. overpaimt. our acct. standing thus
   travelling exp. pd. by him  38.66   
price of horse9 I bought of him £25. Virga.   83.33
paid him  Dec. 26.
Jan. 12.
 50
 95.26
balance returned by him  23.26
145.26  145.26
James balce. hhd. xp. 9/9. on acct. 9/ = 2.5.
¾ cord of wood 4.D. cutting 2/3.
14. Cutting ¾ cord of wood 2/3.
15. ¾ cord of wood 4.D.—James 2/9 + 7/6 = 1.36.
Long for racks & cross peices to paper press 2.D.
Cask cyder 1.66.
18. Pd. Francis hhd. xp. 28/7 + washg. 51/9 = £4–0–4.
Campbell10 1. ℔ Imperial tea11 2.D.—lock & cocks 7/.
James 10/ + 5/ = 2.D.
Jan. 19. Gave Hiltzheimer ord. on bank for 60.1 D. in full keepg. horses his servts. 1.D.
Jacob Stine, by Francis. 30. bush. oats £4–4.
Sheaff.12 12. bottles Madeira wine 8.D. cuttg. ⅝ cord wood .25.
20. Pd. for 1⅜ cord hiccory 7.33 D. cuttg. ¾ cord do. 2/3 = .3.
Pd. ⅞ cord beach 2.5 D. cuttg. .35 D.
James 9/1 + 13/5 = 3.D.
Recd. from bank 125.D.
 
Pd. Billington13 the taylor in full £14–13–10½.
Took possn. of ding. room & front room.
Ingles14 for cabinetwork in full £4.
Starr for 2. pr. boots £5–2–6.
21. Pd. Wm. Hamilton15 for repairs of stable to be chargd. agt. rent £5–16–10 cutting wood .66.
22. For N. York magazine16 .25 waggoning hay 1.33.
3. Venetian blinds 15.D.
24. James 9/3 + 13/3 = 3.
25. Mendg. bowl .5 barber .25.
26. Cuttg. wood .73 brush .13.
27. James 4/9 + 10/3 = 2. cartg. 15. loads furniture 3.D.
28. Francis 1. doz. porter 1.
Do. for Laxley for 2175. ℔ hay 16.11.
29. James 8/9 + 6/3 = 2.
Recd. by Francis from bank 50.D.
Pd. Bringhurst17 his acct. 10.23—Joseph in part wages 1.D.
31. James 4 + 11/ = 2.
Feb. 1. Francis wages 7. Matthew 6. James 6. Joseph 3. = 22.D.
2. Tenterhooks .73.
3. Matthew. powder, pomat. &c. 3.84 James 9/9 + 5/3 = 2.
4. Recd. from Fras. Hopkinson an order on the bank for 120.D. being the balance of his acct. & Dr. Franklin’s due to me.
Gave Sharpe Delany ord. on bank for 28.39 duty & portage of wines & papers.18
 
Lodged in bank F. Hopkinson’s note for 120.D.
5. James 7/3 + 9/5 = 2.22.
Recd. from bank by Francis 50.D.
6. Francis small exp. 1.23.
7. James 8/10 + 6/2 = 2.
9. Do. 6/2 + 8/10 = 2. do. for brushes 5/6.
Inclosed to Capt. Colly bank note for 70.D. for 2. tables.19 Credit the same to bank.
10. Baker’s bill 10/4 smith’s 13/ to Francis 1. doz. porter 1.D.
11. Bought cask of Madeira of John Nancarrow @ 16/ pr. gall. Gave him ord. on bank for 30.D. balce. payable 1st. of April.
Carey & Stewart20 9th. vol. of Museum 1.33.
12. James 13/1 + 5/8 = 2.5.
15. Do. 19/7 + 6/5 = 3.5.
16. Recd. of Dr. Johnson for Encyclopedie21 31.55 D.
18. James 7/2 + 7/10 = 2.
Storage & portage 2. tables from Capt. Colly 4/10 = .64.
Matthew brushes .63.
19. James 1.D. Jenkins subscriptn. for writg. book22 .6.
Smith shoeing 3 horses 2.4.
Feb. 22. Footcloth .13 James 5/4 + 9/8 = 2.—wood out.
¾ cord hiccory 4.5 cutting .3.
24. Wm. Forbes ord. on bank for 24.D. storage of furniture.
¾ cord hiccory 4. cutting .3 footcloth .53.
25. James 8/3 + 6/9 = 2.
 
28. Francis acct. powder & pomatum .43.
James 9/10 + 20/ = 4.
Mar. 2. Do. 18/9 + 3/9 = 3.
Freight & duties 36. bottles Lisbon wine23 from J. Bulkeley & son 2.5 wood out.
¾ cord hiccory 4.
3. Portage of wine .17.
Recd. from bank by Francis 50.D.
Wages. Francis 7. Matthew 6. James 6. Brown 1.5 = 20.5.
Cutting wood .3.
5. James 32/ + 13/ = 6. blacksmith .47.
Bell hanger on acct. 5.D.
8. James 12/8 + 6/1 = 2.5 corks .25 wood out.
1. cord hiccory 4. measurg. 4d. cartg. .4 cuttg. .4.
*Tea out. The pound has lasted exactly 7. weeks, used 6 times a week. This is 821 or .4 of an oz. a time, for a single person. A pound of tea making 126. cups costs 2.D. 126 cups or ounces of coffee = 8 ℔ cost 1.6*.
Campbell 1. ℔ Imperial tea 2.
9. There were 111. bottles of Nancarrow’s wine = 23. galls.
10. James 6/5 + 8/7 = 2.
12. Do. 8/2 + 10/7 = 2.5.
15. Do. 6/11 + 8/1 = 2. 1. doz. porter 1.D. wood out.
16. 1. cord hiccory 4. cuttg. &c. .84.
James 1.D.—chimney sweep .8 D.
18. James 10/10 + 4/2 = 2.D.
*On trial it takes 11. dwt. Troy of double refd. Maple sugar to a dish of coffee or 1 ℔ Avoirdupoise to 26.5 dishes, so that at 20 cents pr. ℔ it is 8 mills per dish. An ounce of coffee @ 20. cents pr. ℔ is 12.5 mills so that sugar & coffee of a dish is worth 2 cents.
Opened box containing 34th. to 38th. inclus. livraisons of Encyclop. furnished by Frouillé.
19. Pd. coach hire .625.
20. Pontage 5d.
21. James 7/10 + 7/2 = 2.D.—in charity 7/6—pontage 5d.
23. James 9/ + 6/ = 2.D.
 
24. In charity 3.D.
25. Pd. for a cord of oak 17/6 cartg. &c. 4/7 = 22/3.24
26. James 16/5 + 6/1 = 3.D.
27. Sold my Albemarle tobo. 13. hhds. =   ℔ to Lieper @ 5 D. and the rise till paimt. which is to be in Sep. Also he is to have my Bedfd. tobo. on same terms.
29. James 16/1 + 6/5 = 3.D.
30. Pontage 14d.
April 1. James 29/1 + 4/8 = 4.5 D.
2. Do. 6/2 + 1/4 = 1.D.
4.
Wood out. Pd. for a cord of oak 18/ cording, carting, cutting 4/7  }  3.1.25
Apr. 4. Recd. warrant from Treasury for a quarter’s salary and lodged the same in the bank 875. Dollars.
Gave orders on the bank for a post-note D.
for  Wm. Brown for 97. 06
Danl. L. Hylton 22. 75
Rob. & Pet. Bruce  66. 5
cash to H. Remsen     413. 69
600.
Recd. from the bank the three post-notes above mentioned and the 413.69 D. cash by Mr. Remsen.
Inclosed to Wm. Brown of Maryland the postnote of 97.06 under cover to Mr. C. Carrol, being agreed to be the balance of old dealings between T. Adams, Perkins, Buchanan & Brown, & myself.26
5. Delivd. to H. Remsen to be sent to Rob. & P. Bruce the postnote of 66.5 Doll. in full for the year’s rent of their house in New York. Note it was put into an open letter from me to them.
Inclosed to D. L. Hylton the postnote for 22.75 D. being for warehouse & shipping expences pd. by him for me on 13. hhds. tobo. sent here.
Gave Thos. Lieper order on the bank for 100.D. being one quarter’s rent ending the 7th. inst.
 
Pd.  Matthew wages 6.D.
James do. 6.D. also 10.31 D. for Carrall for hanging jack &c.
Brown 3.D.
Francis 7.D.
£
Pd. Francis for  Jesse Sharples27 8– 8– 3 =  22.43
Jacob Stine 2–14–10 =  7.31
Christoph. Rauch. baker 3–17–10 = 10.38 40.12
40.12
James hhd. exp. 9/4 + 5/8 = 2.D.
Pd. Francis for Jacob Stine’s 2d. acct. 10.87
Fanner & McDowell28 2. Venetn. blinds  10.
John Nancarrow balce. for wine 19.07 39.94
4. bread baskets 1. Doll.
Pd. Wm. Clarke for hanging bells in full 22.33 D.
Pd. for a pr. gloves 1.D.
Pd. Francis for John Roger for 22. Cwt. of hay 17⅔ D. weighg. 2/6.
6. Pd. Carstairs29 for jobs £3–5–6 = 8.73.
Pd. Wm. Forbes freight, storage, drayage of 13. hhds. tobo. 42.93.
Pd. Thos. Billington the taylor in full £4–15–3½ = 12.7.
Pd. Mr. Remsen what he had pd. for wood in Jan. 11.D.
Gave in charity 3/9 pd. for cutting knife 5.D.
Pd. Mrs. Gardener (by James) a quarter’s washing 13.33.
7. Pd. Loyd subscription for debates of Congress30 now to be printed 5.D.
Pd. Thos. Mason31 for press for trimming paper 8.D.
 
8. Pd. Herbst & Lex.32 grocery acct. 35.21 D.
Pd. expence of taking up horse 2.D.
Pd. Henry & Joseph Ingle cash 50 } = 137.04 D. in full for acct. of Cabinet work.
Gave them order on the bank for  87.07
Analysis of expenditures of the last quarter from Jan. 8. to Apr. 8. inclusive
Houserent 115.58 Receipts. D.
Stable expences 96.85 Jan.  7. Salary 875 
Servants 65.5  Feb.   4. Hopkinson 120 
dress 70.82 16. Johnson 31. 55
washing 20.23 Apr.  4. Salary 875.
Stores 69.65 errors 5. 71
baker 11.76 1907. 26
grocer 35.21
market 88.39
wood 70.81
furniture 271.38
arrearages pd. up 552.65
Contingencies 260.22
 Total paid 1729.05
 Cash in hand 64.53
  in bank 113.68
1907.26
9. James market money 23/7 + 6/5 = 4.D.
Pd. Bartram the 6. Louis Mde. de Tessé had given me for him = 27 D.
Pontage .06.
11. Wood out. Pd. for cord of ash 3.D.—do. of oak 2.66 cordg. cuttg. &c. 1.22 = 6.88.
Pd. Bache for advertisemt.33 3.D.
 
12. Matthew powder &c. 2.73.
James market money 30/9 + 6/9 = 5.D.—pontage .06—coach hire 3/9.
14. Four flower-pots 6/—calash34 5.D.
15. Recd. from bank postnote for Adam Lindsay. Norf. 11.6 D. for 54 ℔ myrtle candles.35
Inclosed it to him.
James 7/3 + 7/9 = 2.D. 2 flowerpots .2.
16. Tea out. Pd. for 1. ℔ Imperial 2 D.
Recd. by Francis from bank 40.D.—pd. Fras. for straw 6/6.
Pd. Aitken for bedstead &c. 8.D.
18. James 14/10 + 7/8 = 3.D. 7 flower pots 5/9 wax 3/8 pipeclay36 6d.
20. Wash bason 1/6—tin work 26/3—shoeing horses 25/6.
1 doz. bott. porter 7/6—Francis ferrge. 4d.37
Recd. from J. W. Eppes38 100.D.
21. Lodged the same in the bank 100.D.
Pd. freight for candles 3/9.
22. Pontage .06.
23. James 22/4 + 7/8 = 4.D.
Order on bank in favr. John Carey39 for books 29.75 portge. .12.
24. Pd. Matthew Lavoratorini his wages 6.D. He leaves me and Philippe Ducombe comes into my service.
25. Pd. J. Madison for books 2.75—Leslie40 mendg. watch key &c. 1.D.
 
26. James 18/ + 4/6 = 3.
Recd. from bank by Francis 20.D.
Pd. Mrs. Jones in full for veils &c. 19/7.
28. James 3.D. postage for J. Madison 4/10.
29. Book 3/—charity .25.
30. James 12/6 + 10/ = 3.—Philip pomatum &c. 7/10½.
May 2. James 31/9 + 5/9 = 5.
Recd. from bank by Francis 25.D.
Pd. wages. Francis 7.D. James 6. Brown 3. Philip 1.5 = 17.5.
Pd. a cord of oak 17/6 cutting &c. 3/4.
4. James 16/ + 6/6 = 3. pontage 5d.
5. Postage J. Madison 1/ charity .37.
May 6. James 13/10 + 8/8 = 3.
Recd. of bank by Francis 25.D.
Pd. Jacob Stine 30. bush. oats £3–16–6 = 10.2.
7. James 1.D.—J. Smith 12. yds. striped nankeen for Maria 5.6.
Load of maple 17/ cutting &c. 5/10.
9. James 18/5 + 4/1 = 3.
10. Recd. of Thos. Lieper in part paymt. of tobo. his note for 400.D. Pd. at bank for disct. on placing it there to my credit 3.27.
11. Recd. of bank 25.D.—pd. for books 1.25.
James 15/6 + 7/ = 3. portage .25.
Gave order on bank for 45.D. to Leroy for V. Staphorsts & Hubard to correct error in my acct. with them. See my lre. of this day to them.41
Pd. for whip 3/6.
12. Pd. portage .25.
13. James 14/2 + 8/4 = 3.
14. James 1.D.—pd. Burgess42 6. pr. thrd. & cottn. stockgs. 6.D.—tin 1/.
15. Gave order on bank for 25 D. in favr. of J. Barclay Mayor for the sufferers by the late fire.43
 
16. Gave Capt. Stratton ord. on bank for 12.D. freight of 4. hhds. tobo. & 11.D. freight of things44 to Virga. = 23.D.
James market money 2.98 + clothes 6.4 = 9.38.
Pd. for cord .25.
Pd. Edwd. Fox45 notary for protesting Dr. Curries bills 17/ = 2.27.
Recd. from the bank 156.D.
Gave Mr. Remsen order on do. for 35.D.
Pd. for a book .55.
Pd. Philip  for ribban, powder &c. 6/9.
for postage for J. Madison 1/4.
Pd. Francis in part of wages 1.D.
Pd. Mr. Pemberton for Plutarch46 Gr. Lat. 6.66.
Cash  in hand 153.03 D.
in bank (exclus. of J. W. E.’s   50.06
203.09
17. James market money 1.3.
Set out from Philadelphia.47
Pd. ferrge. Nishaminy .23.
Heard the first Whip-poor-will.
18. Bristol. pd. lodging &c. 3.43.
Trenton. ferrge. .1 breakft. &c. 1.125.
Princeton. barber .25 dinner &c. 2.1.
19. Brunswick. lodgg. &c. 3.75.
 
Eliz. town point breakft. .86 ferrge. 2.125.
New York. boatmen & water side .625.
20. Book .625 [. . . .]48 coach hire .75 washg. .25.
James for exp. to Poughkeepsie 6 D.49 Haight a curb 1.5.
21. Elsworth entt. 6.16 servts. .7 barber .125.
22. Conklin’s50 breakft. .187.
23.
Poughkeepsie.  passage &c. to Capt. Cooper 6.86.
Hendrickson’s51 entt. & horses 7.23 portage .5.
24. Breakfd. & dined at Lasher’s.52—lodgd. at Pulvar’s.
25. Passed Claverack. breakfd. at Hudson.
Dined & lodged at Kenderhook.
May 26.
Albany.  breakfd. dined & lodged.
pd. ribbon .52 cleang. hat .125 book .875.
washing .56 pocket for Phaeton 2.5 book 1.25 comb .375.
Pd. J. Madison on acct. for expences 2.5.
27.
Passed Troy and Lansingburgh. breakfd. & dind. at Waterford.
Visited the falls at Cohoes.53
Lodged at Benjamin’s.
28. Visited Stillwater. breakfd. at Ensign’s. visited Saratoga.54
 
Dind. at McNeal’s. lodged at Fort Edward. Baldwin’s.55
29. Fort George.56 breakfd. &c.
30. Passed Lake George. dind. at Ticonderoga. lodgd. opposite Crown point.57
31. Sailed half way to Split rock.58 retd. & dind. at Chimney pt. opposite Crown pt.
Lodged at Ticonderoga.
June 1. Repassed Lake George.
2. Lodged at Sandy hill. Deane’s. visited Wing’s falls & Sandy hill falls.59
3. Breakfd. at McNeal’s. Crossed the Hudson at Saratoga.
Dined & lodged at Colvin’s in Cambridge. pd. horseshoe .125.
4. Visited the field of the battle of Bennington at Sickle’s 9 miles from Bennington & not within that township.60
 
5.
Bennington.  breakfd. &c. at Dewy’s.61
shoeing horse .125.
6.
Williamstown. breakfd. at Killock’s.
Lanesboro. dined at Wheeler’s.
Dalton. lodged at Mrs. Mash’s.62
7. Worthington. breakfd. at Smith’s. pd. breakft. 1.66.
Northampton. lodged at Pomeroy’s63 paid J. Madison 6. Guineas.
8. West Springfeild. breakfd. at Stebbins’s.
East Springfeild.64 saw 2 elms 6 f. 8 I. & 7 f. 7 I. diam.
Suffolk.65 dined at Hitchcock’s.
Hartford lodged 2 nights at Frederick Bull’s.66
10. Visited Sidon hill67 at upper end of Middletown.
Middletown. breakfd. & dined at Mrs. Bigelow’s.68
Punnypog pond.69 lodged at Stranton’s.
11. Guilford. breakfd. & dined at Medab Stone’s.70
 
Pd. J. Madison 6. guineas of 28/8 lawful each.
Sailed for Long island & was on the Sound all night.
12. Oysterpond point.71 breakfd. at Tupple’s.
Southold. dined & lodged at Mrs. Peck’s.72
13. Riverhead. breakfd. & dined at Griffin’s.73
Morichies. lodged at Downs’s.
14. Genl. Floyd’s. breakfd. & dind. visited the Unquachog Indians.74
Lodged at Terry’s.
15. Hamstead. breakfd.—went to Prince’s at Flushing.75
Dined & lodged at Jamaica—pd. J. Madison 1. Guinea.
16.
New York  breakfd. &c.
settlement of expences from Poughkeepsie to New York.   D.
whole expences  153.51
J. M.’s part ⅖ mine ⅗ to wit 92.1
pd. ante May 27. June 7.11.15.    66.16
balance now due to J. M. 25.94
17. Gave Matthew 4.75 D. James 1.D. horseler at Elsworth’s .25.
Pd. ferrge. Pauler’s hook 1.18 ferrymen .25 ferrge. &c. Bergen pt.76 .62.
 
Richmd. breakft. &c. .62 Billing’s point ferrge. &c. .62 Perth Amboy p[. . .] &c. .87.
Ferrge. to South Amboy 1.18.
18. S. Amboy pd. lodgg. &c. at Lott’s 1.76 servt. .25.
Breakfast at a tavern .53 pd. dinner &c. at Williamson’s 1.94.
Allentown. pd. barber .25.
June 19. Allentown. pd. lodging &c. at Francis’s 1.43.
Burlington  pd. barber .25 breakft. dinner &c. at Hoaglin’s 2.63.
servt. .25.
Ferrge. at Duns’s77 &c. 1.
Arrived at Philadelphia. Cash in hand 8.6.
20. Recd. back from H. Remsen 3.5.
Recd. from the bank by F. Seche 30.D.
Pd. an acct. to Haines & son for small beer 4. months, to wit from Jan. 18. to May 20. 15.D.
Gave James wages for last month 6.D.
Pd. do. market money 2.D.
The Stages & distances of my journey.78
May 17.  Philadelphia to miles    miles
water land
19. Eliz. town point 80.
  ferry to N. York 9 
23. Poughkeepsie. Hendrickson’s * 83 
Lasher’s * 16
Swartz’s  12
Katchum’s 4
24. Pulvar’s – 5
Claverack * 8
Hudson * 4
25. Kenderhook – 14
Miller’s 8
Moore’s 4
 
26. Albany * 8
Troy 6
Lansingboro’ 2
Waterford + 2
Peeble’s79 4
27. Benjamin’s – 7
Dr. Willard’s at Stillwater 4
Ensign’s * 4
Saratoga 6
McNeal’s ferry + 3
28. Fort Edwd. – Baldwin’s 11
Sandy hill falls + Deane’s 3
Wing’s falls 4
Halfway brook 1
29. Ft. George + Hay’s 7
Lake George 36
Ticonderoga Hay’s80 + 3
30. Crown point 15
further into the lake 8
31.
June   1. back to Fort George 62
 2.
Saratoga 29
 3. Cambridge. Colvin’s 15
Sickle’s (battle of Bennington) 6
 4. Bennington. Dewy’s * 9
Williamstown. Killock’s 14
Sloane’s 4
New Ashfeild81 4
Lanesboro’ Wheeler’s * 6
Pittsfeild 6
June  6. Dalton. Mrs. Marsh’s 4 ½
 7. Northampton Pomeroy’s * 34
West Springfeild Stebbins’s + 18
Suffeild. Hitchcock’s * 9 ½
Windsor 10
 8. Hartford. Fred. Bull’s * 8
Weathersfeild 4
Middletown. Bigelow’s + 11
Durham 8
10. Standfords – 7
Guilford Stone + 8
11. Oysterpond point 35
12. Southold. Mrs. Peck’s + 16
Hubbard’s 8
Riverhead * Griffin’s 10
 
13. Moritchie’s Downs’s + 12
Colo. Floyd’s 7
Hart’s82 + 13
14. Terry’s + 9
Strong’s 6
Udell’s 6
Bethpeg 10
Hamstead 9
15. Jamaica 10
Brooklyn 12
16. New York 1
Pauler’s hook 1 ¼
Bergen point 9
Staten island ¾
Richmond 6
Billing’s point 9
Perth Amboy ¼
17. South Amboy 1
Spotswood 10
Williamson’s 4
Cranberry 6
18. Allentown 11
Crosswick’s 4
Bordentown 4
Burlington 11
Duns’s ferry 4
 the ferry ¾
19. Philadelphia 16
256  + 664  =  920
 * good
 + midling
 – bad
June 20. Reimbursed Francis small hhd. exp. 12/7.
Gave ord. on bank for a post bill for 35.D. payable to J. Madison.
Gave ord. on do. to J. W. Eppes for 25.D.
Gloves .50.
21. Inclosed to J. Madison the bank post note of 35.D. to pay my balce. of expences & some small matters in N. York.
Note T. Lieper put 200 D. into my hands yesterday for Mr. Madison, which I changed at the bank for bank post notes & transmitted this day to J. M.
22. James market money 4/10 + 10/2 = 2.D.
Gave J. W. Eppes order on the bank for 12.D.
23. Pd. postage for J. Madison 1/4—pontage .0625.
24. James 17/10½ + 12/1½ = 4.D.
 
25. James 2.D.
Fras. 1. doz. porter 1.D.
Recd. of bank by Francis 25.D. pd. portage 1/.
27. James 14/ + 1/ = 2 D. pamphlet 1/.
29. James 15/4 + 6/5 = 2.9 ice .20.
30. Campbell 1. ℔ tea 2.D.
July 1. James 10/5 + 4/7 = 2.D.
Jacob  comes into my service @ 6.D.
2. James 22/3½ + 7/8½ = 4.D.
4. James 7/8 + 7/4 = 2.D. pontage from Gray’s 1/.83
5. James 2/9 + 12/3 = 2.D.
Lodged in the bank the treasurer’s warrt. for a quarter’s salary 875 D.
6. Gave order on bank in favr. of T. Lieper a quarter’s rent 100 D.
Gave order on do. for a postnote for J. Madison to repay him Baehr’s acct. 15.875 + 30 D. for Prince for trees,84 also for 100 ℔ maple sugar &c. on acct. making 60.D. & inclosd. to him.
Pd. Francis for the following persons, towit
£  s  d
Stine for oats 4– 10 –9
Everart acct. for hay 6– 6
Robertson for shoeing horses 1– 6
 
Billington. taylor’s bill 4– 18 –9
Rauch. baker’s do. 5– 1 –8
Herbst & Lex grocer’s do. 7– 15 –8½
Childs & Swaine.85 printing    1– 4 –4½
31– 3 –3 =  83.1
Pd. Francis his wages 7.D. & 4.D. for half a month’s board.
Pd. DuCombe for a month’s wages & half a month’s board 10 D.
Pd. do. acct. for pomatum &c. .78 disbursemts. 2.8 = 3.58.
July 7. Pd. James 6.D. the scullion 2.D.
James market money 5/6 + 9/6 = 2.D.
Pd. Mr. J. Ross freight of my carriages from Havre & of the President’s champagne86 72.57 D.
Pd. the washerwoman a quarter’s washing 13.33.
Pd. extra do. 1.D.
Pd. Mr. Ogden87 4½ weeks board @ 10/ = 45/ = 6 D.
Analysis of the expenditures of the last quarter from Apr. 9. to this present entry inclusive.
Doll. Reciepts
House rent 100  D.
Stable expences 46. 82 Apr.  8.  cash in hand & bank  178. 21
Servants 87. 9 May 10. recd. from Lieper 400.
dress 41. 64 July   5. Salary 875 
washing 14. 33 1453. 21
stores 31. 725
brewer 15.
baker 13. 55
grocer 20. 75
market money 86. 18
wood 13. 06
books 44. 06
furniture 8. 20
arrearges. pd. up.  72.
travellg. exp. 165. 56
contingencies 208. 19  968.965
 Cash this day in hand  44.05
       in bank 435.03  479.08
 errors of short entry       5.165
1453.21
 
Pd. Parish for a hat 4.D.
8. Pd. the washerwoman for 4. yds. cambrick 12.D.
Pd. for a map 1.11.
Pd. Mr. Remsen for Dr. Currie disbursemts. to Barton88 9.15 D.
Recd. from bank by Francis Seche 50.D.
Pd. Francis for sm. exp. 4/ ice 3/6 = 1.D.
Pd. at Gray’s .81.
9.
Pd.  for 13. cord of Maple @ 18/ and 4/ warfage  31.78
carting do. 5.2 cutting 5.2 piling .86 = 11.26  43.04
James 16/8 + 5/10 = 3.D. a gunsmith 8.93.
11. Recd. from bank by Francis 20.D.
Recd. from do. a postnote for 21.25 payable to D. Hylton which I inclosed to him for disbursements on 22. hhds. tobo.
Portage 2/5.
12. James 25/8 + 11/10 = 5.D. pd. for 4 fly screens 6.D. Gray’s .31.
14. James 12/11 + 2/7 = 2 D.
Recd. from bank by Francis 20.D. pd. Campbell 6. ℔ tea 11.2 D.
Pd. Aitken for a bedstead 3.5.
15. Pd. pontage to & from Ross’s89 .2.
July 16. James 12/4 + 2/8 = 2 D. Francis for straw 6/.
Recd. of the President by T. Lear90 John Warder’s excha. on John Warder & co. Lond. for £131–5 sterl. on acct. for disbursemts. for wine.
Pontage .06.
 
17. Gave ord. on bank to J. W. Eppes for 12.D.
James 19/6 + 3/ = 3 D. portage 1/6 ice 6/.
19. Francis small exp. 2/8 ice 6/10.
Petit arrives here.91
Postage for J.M.92 2/8 pd. at Harrowgate93 .5.
20.
James 26/6 + 3/6 = 4.D. D.
Gave  ord. on bank in favor of Stratton for freight & corn 80. 25
do. favr. Willing Morris & Swanwick94 for wine 27. 06
do. for post note in favr. Pet. Guide for wine95 12.
do. cash for myself by Francis 40.
159. 31
Pd. Stine for oats & corn 13.53 portage .8.
21. Gave in charity 10.D.
Inclosed to P. Guide the note for 12.D. ante.
Pd. at Gray’s .25.
22. James 27/7 + 2/5 = 4.D. Voigt96 mending watch .5.
23. Gave ord. on bank to J. W. Eppes for 10.D.
24. Pd. for ice 1.D.
25. James 36/8 + 10d. = 5.D.
Gave ord. on bank in favr. T. Barclay for 75.D. to be pd. to John Bulkeley & son at Lisbon for a pipe of wine.97
Pd. pontage .0625.
 
27. James 27/10½ + 9/7½ = 5.D.
Recd. from bank by Francis 60.D.
Pd. Palmer98 for 6. pr. shoes 10.D.
28. Remitted to Wm. Short, Warder’s bill for £131–5 st. ante July 16.
Pd. postage 1/ pontage .06¼.
29. James 24/ + 6/ = 4.D. pd. Campbell for a pr. slippers 4/2.
Aug. 1. James 31/ + 6/6 = 5.D.
Do. wages 6.D. Jacob do. 6.D. Francis do. 7.D. Ducombe do. 6.D.
Ducombe pomatum &c. 18/1½ Francis ice 1.D. porter 1.D.
3. James 48/2 + 4/4 = 7.D.
4. Recd. from bank by Francis 20.D.—gave him to bury his child 5.D.
Pd. for 2. doz. plates in part 40/—for 10th. vol. Museum 9/.
5. Pd. Francis for ice 1.D.
6. James 51/7 + 11d. = 7.D.
8. Do. 13/5 + 1/7 = 2 D.
Recd. from bank by Francis 20.D.
Pd. for 6. pr. cotton & thrd. stockgs. 6.D. Francis ice 1.D.
9. Pd. for phials 6d.
Pd. J. W. Eppes 5.D.
Pd. for mainsprings for fan99 6.D.
10. James 19/1 + 3/5 = 3 D.
Aug. 11. Recd. from bank by Francis 20.D.
12. James 54/3 + 5/9 = 8.D.
15. Francis small exp. 1/3.
17. Gave in charity 8.D.
Recd. Lieper’s note for 400.D. in part for tobo.
Pd. disct. of do. at bank 3.27 D.
Recd. of bank 75 D.
Pd. Stein for oats £4–11–6 = 12.20.
Pd. Bringhurst in full £10–8–6 = 27.80.
James £4–18–1 + 6/11 = 14 D.
18. Pd. for jelly glasses 3. doz. 3 D. ice 2.D.
19. Pd. for book .25.
 
20. James £3–17–3 + 5/3 = 11 D. postage 2/8.
22. Pd. for Presidt. on seeing threshg. machine1 1.D.
23. Pd. shoeing horses 18/.
24. Pd. James market money 40/ + 5/ = 6.D.
Recd. by Francis from the bank 25.D.
27. James 16/5 + 6/1 = 3 D.
29. Do. 24/1 + 13/5 = 5.D.
Pd. Rauch the baker’s bill 10.D.
31. Recd. from the bank by Francis 75.D.
James £4–9–6 + 6d = 12.D.
Recd. from Lieper his note for 200 D. in part paimt. for tobo.
Sep. 1. Discounted do. at bank, payg. 1.62 D.
Pd. for tooth brushes 8/4—recd. from Presidt. 7/6.
Pd. for spectacles 52/6—pd. Bringhurst in full 8/6.
Drew on bank in favor Henry Remsen for 186⅔ D. to pay Franks for a bill of excha. on Lond. for 40£ sterl. to be remittd. to Mr. Short & by him to Fenwick to pay for Bordeaux wine.2
Inclosed to Mr. Short a bill of excha. of Mr. Vaughan3 on Le Couteulx, the property of Genl. Knox to get him 250. bottles of wine of 1785. & a cask of equal quantity of 1790. from Mde. de Rauzan.
Gave Mr. Remsen ord. on the Treasury for 875. Doll. at the end of the quarter, and to lodge it in the bank.
 
Gave Herbst & Lex order on Mr. Remsen for 115.8 D. payable Oct. 7.
Sep. 2. Paid for making ruffles 8.D.
Pd. James  market money 5.D. clothes 5.73 D.
wages for Aug. & Sep. 12 D.
Recd. from the bank 157 D.
Pd. Hiltzheimer for pasturing horses 4.D.
Pd. Ingles his acct. £5–17–3 = 15.63.
Pd. Francis his wages for Aug. 7.D. & board Sep. 8.D.
Gave Mr. Remsen to give to Ducombe when he discharges him 6.D.
Pd. Ducombe  his wages for Aug. 6.D.
his disbursemts. 12/10½.
Pd. Jacob his wages for Aug. 6.D. & gave him 6.D. on his discharge.
Pd. Bertault4 the Upholsterer in full 32 D.
Recd. from J. Madison balce. of what I sent him June 21. July 6. 18.4 D.
Paid him in part towards my expences of journey to Virga. 8.4 D.
Paid Leslie for an Odometer5 10.D.

Diary of journey to Monticello.6
Set out from Philadelphia.
360ths.  Miles   time 
 of a mile 
Chestertown. 15 lodged. pd. J. M. towds. expences 10. D.
 3. Wilmington. 13 breakfd. pd. mendg. Odometer .5
 
Newport 1552 4
rather hilly, loam or clay
Christeen 2060 .  6 dined.
loam. level.
Aitkens’s 2769 . 7 ¾
do.
 4. Head of Elk 1755 4 ¾ lodged. brkfd. dined. pd. J. M. 5.D.
hilly. clay.
North East 2593 7 ¼
hilly. gravel or clay
Charlestown 1100 . 3 .
gravel or clay. hilly. then level.
Susquehanna. Barney’s.7 2350 . 6 ½ lodged.
level & clay. then hilly & gravel
 5. Bushtown 4232  11 ¾  breakfd.
gravel. very hilly.
Webster’s8 4765 . 13 ¼ dined & lodged
very hilly. clay or gravel.
 6. Baltimore 4622 * 12 ¾ brkfd. *qu. this measure. pd. pamphlet .2
excessive hilly. mostly gravel. some clay.
Elkridge ferry 2808 7 ¾ dined.
gravel. rather hilly.
Spuryear’s9 2090 . 5 ¾ lodged
hilly. sand.
Willet’s 4500 . 12 ½
hilly. sand.
Sep.  7. Bladensburgh. 2970 . 8 ¼ brkfd.
hilly. clay. somet. gravel.
Georgetown. 2485 7 dined. lodged.
 8. pd. powder & pomatum 4/4. staid here.
 9. gave servt. .25
Several smart hills. clay. gravel.
Federal line. near 8 mile 1980 . 5 ½
stone
waving.
Falls church 540 1 ½
12 miles hilly, stumpy. stony
5½ miles level. gravelly
 
Newgate 6285 . 17 ½ breakfd.
someti. frog eaten. someti. red hills
Redhouse 5040 14 dined & lodged.
some moderte. hills. reddish land.
Thornton’s. 1650 4 ½ to have come from Newgate by Love’s mill would have been 2½ mi. less.
some moderate hills. reddish land
10. Barnet’s10 1632 4 ½ breakfd.
red hills
McDaniel’s in German T.11 2186 6
level. someti. frog eaten. smti. red
Wykoff’s in the Devil’s [race]paths 2952 8 ¼
frog eaten. stony.
Norman’s ford12 1200 3 ¼
frogeaten. clayey.
Strode’s13 1605 4 ½ dined. lodged. brkfd.
do.
11. Stevensburg 1892 5 ¼
do. H   ′
Porter’s mill. 2454 6 ¾ 1– 30
hilly
Porter’s house 656 1 ¾ 0– 25
level. sandy low grounds
Adams’s mill14 1824 5 0– 50
very hilly. stony.
Orange C. H. 2790 7 ¾ pd. for horses 9d.
mostly level. red.
Mr. Madison’s. 1842 5 dined. lodged. brkfd.
tolerably level.
£  s  d Virga.
Total exp. of J.M. & T.J. 15– 12 –5
 T.J.’s ⅝ 9– 15 –4
 by paid the 2d. & 4th. 7– 0 –4
now pd. J.M. the balce. 2– 15 –0
12. Blue run 897 . 2 ½ 0– 34 gave servt. at Mr. Madison’s 1/6
Wilson’s 702 2 0– 31
hilly Blue run Meeting house 625 1 ¾ 0– 22
Burlington 707 2 0– 26
Albemarle line 1010 2 ¾ 0– 42
 
John Jones’s 168 ½ 0–  6
Madison Breedlove’s 1120 3 0– 41
Edwards’s at Turkey sag road15 305 ¾ 0– 15
McCaulay’s 513 1 ½ 0– 23
very mountainous { J. Key’s 1262 3 ½ 1–  0
Martin Key’s 248 ¾ 45
gate leading to ferry 25 here Odometer failed.
ferry 12
Arrived at Monticello.
These measures were on the belief that the wheel of the Phaeton made exactly 360. revolns. in a mile, but on measuring it accurately at the end of the journey it’s circumference was 14 f. 10½ I. and consequently made 354.95 revolns. in a mile. These numbers should be greater then in the proportion of 71:72 or a mile added to every 71.16
Gave Mr. Madison’s servt. .5.
Note Bradley at Stevensbg. informs me there is a road from Elkrun church by Champ’s old race ground, Slaty run church, & Summers’s tavern to Georgetown entirely level except the last 5. miles & 10 miles nearer than by Newgate.
From Elk run church to Slate run church 12.
Sep. 12. Pd. ferrge. at Mr. Lewis’s 2/3.
14. Pd. Jupiter for fowls 4.D.
16. Patsy for hhd. exp. 25/.
19. Jupiter do. 11/—Patsey do. 10/.
21. Pd. butcher 4.D.—Tom ferrge. to Wilson’s17 1/3.
23. Jupiter to have terrine &c. mended 5/.
25. Patsy hhd. exp. 1.75 D.
27. Gave in Charity 5.D.
29. Pd. tinker 6/8—30. Pd. J. Jouett for J. Key for 6. barr. corn 12.D.
Oct. 2. Patsy hhds. exp. 4.D.—3. Do. 1.D.
4. Recd. by Mr. Randolph from Mr. Brown of Richmd. 50. Doll.
 
5. Pd. Turner for box of Odometer 2.D.
7. Gave in charity 2/6.
9. Pd. Anthony in full for inoculatg. &c. 24/.
11. Lost in changing half joe 1.D.
Gave in Charity 5.D.
Cash in hand 63.7 D.
12. Left Monticello.18
13. Vales at Mr. Madison’s .45.
14. Do. Strode’s 9d.
15. Dumfries. pd. for ribbon .33.
16. Mount Vernon. vales 2.D.

17.
Georgetown  ferrge. 1.066—ferrymen .18—barber .25.
barber .2—Wiley in charity 4.66 D.
J. Madison for expences 15.33.
borrowed of do. .25—vales .25.
18.
19.
Baltimore. J. Madison for exp.  7.62.
Susquehanna.  ferrymen .25
J. Madison  exp.  4.76
Chester. do. do.  4.7
vales .25.
20. 
21.
22.
Arrived in Philadelphia.
Cash on hand 25.88.
24. James Market money 4.63.
Mr. Remsen during my absence has recieved a quarter’s salary for me     Doll. 875.
He has paid for me as follows.
to  J. W. Eppes 50. D.
Francis Seche. wages Sep.       6.
Herbst & Lex 115. 80
Barton for Dr. Currie 40.
G. Clymer 5. tons hay 80 
Loxley. hay 10. 375
Francis straw 7. 36
 8¾ cords of ash 36. 08
15½ cords of oak 58. 27
the bank 477. 67 881.555
Balance due to Mr. Remsen 6.555
24.
 
 

25.
D.
Received from bank.  Cash by Fr. Seche 50.
post note to James Brown of Richmd.  50.
post note to Revd. Matt. Maury 75. 5
175. 5
Oct. Pd. Mr. Remsen 6.5 D.
Pd. Francis for small exp.
26. Pd. Francis for 13½ bush. oats 4.5 D.
Do. for Stine for oats 6.8.
Pd. Billington’s bill 11.26.
27. Pd. Francis for a wheelbarrow 27/2.
28. Pd. subscription to dancing assembly19 8.D. concert 8.D.
Recd. from the bank by Francis 50.D.
Pd. Hamelius balce. for wax candles 18/4.
Gave J. W. Eppes order on the bank for 30.D.
29. James market money 11/11 + 3/1 = 2.D.
31. Do. do. 13/11 + 1/1 = 2.D.
Pd. duty &c. on a clock20 2.38.
Nov. 1. Gave Mrs. Pine21 ord. on bank for 33.33.
2. Pd. Palmer for a pr. of shoes 1.D.
James  marketmoney 23/4 + 6/8 = 4.D.
his allowance for Octob. 6.D.
Francis wages for Oct. 7.D.
3. Do. balance of do. for Sep. 1.D.
Do. board for Oct. 6.D.
Robertson shoeing horses 4.D.
Pd. Michael wages in full 11/8.
 
5. James market money 18/9 + 3/9 = 3.D.
7. Recd. of bank by Seche 50.D.
Pd. Roberts leather breeches for Fras. 4.66.
8. Gave order on bank in favr. Ker,22 coachmakr. 93.04.
Maria .25.
10. James market money 38/10 + 6/2 = 6.D.
Pd. for glass cover for clock 20/.
Charcoal in part 5.D.
12. Gave J. W. Eppes ord. on bank for 25 D.
Pd. Billy a quarter’s washing 13.33 D.
Recd. from F. Eppes a bill on Walker & co. for 200.D. for the use of J. W. Eppes, & sent to bank to collect.
13. Maria .25 D.
14. Gave Narlbro & Frazer23 ord. on bank 20.4 D. for 102 ℔ Bourb. coffee.
Charity 1.D. James markt. money 59/7½ + 37/10½ = 13.D.
John Mole comes into my service @ 7 D. a month.
15. Recd. of bank by Seche 30.D.
Pd. Sickles for keepg. horse 9.D.
16. Pd. Mrs. Smart24 milliner for Maria 5/.
17. James Market money 18/9 + 3/9 = 3.D.
19. Do. 19/2 + 3/4 = 3.D. Francis small exp. 1.D.
20. Maria 2/4.
21. Gave J. W. Eppes ord. on bank for 24.D.
James market money 17/6 + 5/ = 3.D.
22. Pd. Voigt mendg. watch 3.D.
Nov. 23. Pd. Petit on acct. 5.D.
Recd. from bank by Francis 50.D.
Pd. Mr. Ogden 9.33 D. pontage 4½d.
Recd. from Mr. Lear Mordecai Lewis’s bill of excha. on the Willinks for 800. ƒ. court. payable to the Van Staphorsts & Hubard, on account for wines I have procured and am to procure for the Presidt. of the U. S.
24. Inclosed the bill to the V. Staph. & Hubard to be placed to my credit.
Pd. Francis for straw 2.D.
Pd. for visiting cards .125.
 
25. James 5.D.
Petit 20.D. on acct.
26. Mr. Remsen Fenno’s acct. 9.D.
Francis pontage .1.
27. Maria .25—Credit Mr. Eppes for a Jenny25 66.66.
28. Rouch the baker 1.1.
29. James 54/8 + 5/4 = 8.D.
Recd. from the bank by Seche 50.D.
Pd. Petit on acct. 20.D.
Pd. for 2. teapots .93.
Dec. 1. James 4.D.
Pd. Jacob 20. days service 4.64.
2. Pd. Stein for 40. bush. oats 15.D.
Recd. Lieper’s note in part paimt. of tobo. for 1000.D. Discounted it in the bank, at 8.D. discount so credit him but 992.D.
3. Gave Sheaff order on bank for 68.65 D. for wine @ 16/6.
Recd. from bank by Francis 100.D.
Pd. for servts. clothes for Monticello 33.1 D.
Pd. servants wages.  Francis 7.D. his wife 3.D.
John 4.D. Gustavus 7.D.
James 7.D. Cuffy 3.D.
Pd. for 11. yds. crimson bays 6.11.
Gave in charity 1.11.
James 48/4 + 4/2 = 7.D.
Petit on acct. 15.D.
Recd. from bank note payable to myself for 650.D.
4. Inclosed the sd. bank note to Dobson26 with my bond to Jones, which he had sent me. I indorsed this payment as of Dec. 11.
Gave Maria .25.
6. Pd. Francis 30. bushels of oats 10.66.
Recd. from the bank by Francis 50.D.
8. James £4–6–6 + 3/6 = 12.D.
 
10. Pd. Brining27 smith’s work £3–6–9.
Gave Maria .25 also to pay for gloves 3/.
Dec. 13. James £4–0–10½ + 1/7½ = 11.D.
Pd. Petit on acct. 10.D.
Gave J. W. Eppes ord. on bank for 12.D.
Pd. Leslie for a clock cover 1.D.
16. James 38/3 + 6/9 = 6.D.
Recd. from the bank by Francis 50.D.
Pd. Poyntell28 for box of paints & pencils for Maria 6.D.
Pd. freight of candles from Norfolk 1.D.
17. Gave Petit to pay for 21. china plates 5.D.
Gave Maria .25.
19. James 54/8 + 5/4 = 8.D.
Gave Carstairs ord. on bank for 111.64 D. in full for book presses & other work.29
Pd. for a key for Maria .5.
20. Pd. for seeing a lion 21 months old 11½d.
Gave Petit to pay for silk 3.D.
22. James £6–1 + 6/6 = 17.D.
Maria for shoes 1.D.
23. Recd. from Lieper an ord. on the bank for 200.D. which lodged in the bank.
Gave Isaac Miller (of Charlottesville) an order on the bank
 for 99.11 D. to pay  to himself £12– 2–5
to Schenk & Lot30       17–12–3
Virginia currcy. 29–14–8
24. Pd. for a basket 5/.
26. Gave Maria .25.
Gave Mrs. Pine ord. on bank for 73.66 doll. to pay   £
 Mrs. Smart’s bill, things bought for Maria 11–14–9
 John Guest’s31 do. 6– 0–5
 her own do. for things bot. viz. linen &c. 9–17–4
27–12–6
 
James market money £3–8 + 7/ = 10.D.
27. Recd. from bank by Seche 40.D.
Pd. Petit on acct. 10.D.
Pd. Francis for straw 4.D. for twine .25 C.
29. Gave Maria to pay for muff 4.D. shawl 2.D.
James market money 42/7½ + 2/4½ = 6.D.
Pd. bell hanger 4.5 D.
31. James market money 32/9½ + 4/8½ = 5.D.
1791  Philadelphia32
Jan.  1. 18 c 22
 2  9. f f
 3 15. f f
 4 33 c c
 5 c c
 6 37 f f
 7 43 c 53 c
 8 39 c c
 9 31 r.h 32 r
10 35 c c
11 30 c 31 f
12 22 f 34 f
13 35 c 50 f
14 38 48 98 f 50 42 85 f
15 41 49  + c 44 52  + r + This mark denotes that
the humidity was beyond
the highest limit of
Saussure’s hygrometer.
16 39 70  + c 45 60 91 c
17 53 69  + sar f
18 32 54 88 f 40 43 70 f
19 25 46 76 f 30 42 70 c
20 26 45 75 f 36 42 68 c
21 31 50 86 f 48 40 67 f
22 32 42 71 f 30 35 60 f
23 19 40 70 c 36 37 65 f
24 25 52 95 f f
25 38 65  + c car
26 41 77  + car 53 50 75 f
27 35 60 92 f 43 48 76 c
28 32 49 79 c 32 45 71 c
29 20 47 77 f 35 42 66 f
30 36 46 75 c s
31. 22 43 70 f 31 39 64 f
Feb.
 1. 22 42 70 c 31 39 63 c
 2. 30 47 80 f 35 39 64 c
 3. 17 47 82 f f
 
 4. 33 69  + cas 41 65 94 c
 5. 36 75  + r 38 75  + r
 6. 37 76  + c 49 63 90 f
 7. 41 74  + c 52 73  + r
 8. 55 90  + c 50 65 94 r
 9. 28 68  + rs 29 68 96 s
10. 26 69 96 s 35 52 75 f
11. 23 52 75 c 33 45 67 f
12. 28 66 97 f 45 44 68 f
13. 31 65 97 f 41 72  + r
14. 37 91  + c 56 40 61 f
15. 25 41 65 f 37 37 57 f
16. 43 87  + r 37 43 64 f
17. 10 43 64 f f
18. 15 43 67 f 34 37 55 f
19. 27 72 97 s 35 76  + r
20. 29 72 95 c c
21. 19 61 85 f 28 58 82 c
22. 15 62 88 fas f
23. 29 71 98 c 45 48 72 f
24. 27 47 71 f 36 42 64 f
25. 29 49 75 c 39 44 69 c
26. 41 64 92 c 48 40 65 f
27. 29 57 89 f 53 43 72 f red breasts
black birds
28. 59 73 97 r 54 79  + r
Mar. Thermom. Luc Saussure Thermom. Luc Saussure
 1. 31 49 70 f 38 43 64 f
 2. 27 53 82 f 43 44 74 f
 3. 39 57 88 c 52 42 68 c
 4. 36 49 80 f 52 43 69 f
 5. 37 63 95 c 53 58 87 c
 6. 43 68  + f 60 82  + car
 7. 55 87  + car 65 65 86 car frogs
 8. 41 50 75 farl 50 42 65 f
 9. 32 47 72 f 48 42 65 c
10. 48 74  + car 64 71 94 car
11. 53 77  + r 48 72 95 car
12. 46 75  + r 51 72 94 c
13. 34 54 76 f 47 41 62 f
14. 39 71 98 ras 51 66 90 f
15. 48 81  + car 57 78 99 car
16. 50 84  + c 59 71 92 f
17. 46 76 99 c 80 49 78 f blue birds
18. 56 58 93 f 81 45 72 f weepg. willow in leaf.
19. 58 62 94 r 41 65 95 rs
20. 36 59 82 f 44 44 64 cas
21. 37 52 80 f f
22. 46 52 82 c 56 40 65 f
23. 34 55 90 f 52 45 71 c
 
24. 49 70 98 car 68 54 79 f
25. 55 86  + carl 61 50 75 car lilac, gooseberry.
26. 43 52 80 f 66 35 55 c golden willow leafing.
27. 41 51 81 f f
28. 41 52 89 c 51 53 86 c
29. 44 74 98 c 48 75  + r
30. 44 69 91 c 58 50 72 f
31. 43 54 84 f 62 33 51 f
Apr.
 1. 44 37 62 f 65 33 55 f
 2. 48 49 88 r 61 44 69 f
 3. 36 44 71 f 53 38 60 f annular eclipse of sun
 begun at sunrise.
 4. 36 48 78 f 58 35 57 f
 5. 40 48 81 f 56 31 51 f apricot bloss.
 6. 36 40 72 f 55 32 56 c cherry leaf
 7. 38 40 71 f 60 30 52 f
 8. 42 52 83 car 57 42 68 f
 9. 38 55 90 f 59 44 70 f peach bloss.
10. 44 59 93 c f apple leaf
11. 42 69 97 f 70 34 56 f cherry bloss.
12. 50 52 89 c 75 40 70 far
13. 62 70  + r 66 65 95 r
14. 44 67 93 car 53 57 80 c
15. 45 73  + r 61 40 64 c
16. 45 50 81 f 64 40 65 c
17. 50 47 78 c 68 35 57 f
18. 50 38 68 f 70 32 56 f
19. 48 35 f 67 30 52 f
20. 45 51 f 67 36 c
21. 45 67 c 64 41 c martins.
22. 55 55 c 68 45 c
23. 60 61 c 71 49 82 r
24. 64 66 96 c 72 58 88 r
25. 60 53 77 f 68 32 44 f
26. 52 56 92 f 79 31 58 f
27. 58 37 69 f 70 33 55 f
28. 44 41 77 f 64 30 55 f
29. 52 42 75 c 65 43 79 c
30. 53 53 72 c 67 42 71 f lilac blossm.
Hygr. Hygr.
May Therm. Luc Sauss.
 1. 56 72 f 80 32 44 f
 2. 52 44 81 f 70 37 62 f
 3. 54 50 86 c 70 40 70 f
dogwood } blossom
 4. 53 58 95 c 70 45 70 f gelder rose
 5. 57 61 99 f 70 38 55 f redbud
 6. 51 44 79 f f azalea
 7. 48 41 75 f 68 33 60 f
 8. 47 46 84 f 67 35 64 r
 
 9. 48 54 95 f 75 30 49 f
10. 50 43 82 f 79 28 55 f
11. 59 61 98 c 82 38 58 f
12. 62 51 91 f 80 35 60 f
13. 65 56 97 r 80 45 74 f
14. 51 67 97 r 62 58 85 c
15. 54 52 81 c 70 37 53 f
July
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5. 74 40 67 f
 6. 65 48 89 c 82 40 66 f
 7. 69 50 90 f 87 39 66 f
 8. 71 52 95 f 89 40 65 f
 9. 72 41 75 f 87 36 65 f
10. 72 50 93 f 93 36 60 f
11. 74 55 98 f 94 36 64 f
12. 75 59 * f 87 48 74 r
13 76 58 96 f 83 46 82 c
14 76 59 98 f 91 41 74 f
15 75 55 96 f c
16 77 53 93 c 71 63 * r
17 67 67 93 f 78 40 56 f
18 61 51 86 f 79 35 51 f
19 63 50 88 f 79 36 61 f
20 66 52 89 f 81 35 53 f
21 65 50 90 f 88 35 59 f
22 72 55 95 c 89 43 70 f
23 73 55 90 f 85 37 61 f
24 71 49 87 f 91 34 55 f
25 70 46 86 f 82 33 58 f
26 66 47 88 c 85 38 66 f
27 70 55 95 c 84 36 57 f
28 68 50 90 f 87 35 57 f
29 69 51 94 f 34 57 f
30 69 53 95 c 82 45 80 c
31 73 59 98 c 89 40 60 far
Aug.
 1. 69 48 84 f 86 37 65 f
 2. 65 47 86 far 83 33 48 f
 3 65 53 92 f 84 34 52 f
 4 64 51 93 f 82 36 60 f
 5 70 62 96 r 82 51 78 f
 6 69 63 96 c 79 50 75 f
 7 70 57 90 c 86 43 61 f
 8 70 65 98 c 83 46 75 c
 9 74 70 r 82 53 79 c
10 73 71 car 86 46 67 f
 
11 75 68 98 c 79 61 93 r
12 73 71  + c 80 50 83 c
13 67 58 93 c 81 41 63 f
14 66 57 94 f 78 46 75 c
15 66 60 96 c 82 36 55 f
16 69 63 98 f 82 46 75 car
17 67 59 92 far 81 39 62 f
18 66 53 90 c 77 45 76 c
19 65 62  + r 69 60 97 r
20 60 62 98 f 75 41 58 f
21 59 57 95 f 76 40 62 c
22 57 58 97 f 77 42 68 f
23 65 55 93 c
24 69 65  + c 83 48 75 c
25 73 70 c 87 48 71 f
26 72 62 98 c 87 44 71 f
27 70 67  + f 85 41 72 f
28 89 f
29 93 f
30 91 f
31. r
Nov.
14 47 54 87 c 64 56 90 c
15 52 63 92 far 49 50 72 car
16 31 54 82 f 42 46 70 f
17 34 50 76 c 42 45 66 f
18 29 50 78 f 43 42 63 f
19 31 56 90 c 45 48 70 f
20 27 51 79 f 41 45 66 f
21 36 63 96 r 56 64 95 r
22 43 74  + r 49 50 72 f
23 33 65 96 f 52 48 72 f
24 39 62 95 c 56 62 92 c
25 51 63 86 car
26 31 49 72 c 36 45 65 f
27 27 55 82 f 46 43 65 f
28 34 61 92 f 44 69  + r
29 36 64 85 f 45 51 75 f
30 31 62 90 f 47 56 80 f
Dec.  1. 48 73 97 c 61 76  + r
 2 42 57 78 c 41 47 66 f
 3 28 53 78 f 37 45 65 f
 4 27 60 90 f 39 50 73 c
 5 31 61 90 f 35 68 98 s
 6 31 64 76 c 32 53 72 c
 7 24 53 76 f 26 50 70 c
 8 20 52 73 f 30 45 61 f
 9 23 50 73 f 33 47 66 f
10 25 56 85 f 39 45 66 f
11 29 61 92 f 43 56 84 c
 
12 36 66 97 r s
13 29 69 78 c 32 53 68 c
14 30 52 68 f 35 47 65 f
15 27 57 82 f 37 51 74 f
16 29 67 97 f 48 49 70 f
17 33 52 80 f 47 45 70 f
18 36 71  + r 42 75  + c
19 40 79  + car 40 70 93 car
20 30 60 80 c 32 54 72 f
21 25 61 85 f 42 50 70 f
22 28 53 73 f 31 47 66 f
23 20 55 82 f 30 49 70 f
24 21 59 89 f 30 45 63 f
25 21 55 84 f 38 40 58 f
26 27 58 92 f 46 44 67 f
27 30 57 90 f 45 49 73 c
28 34 57 89 f 49 46 71 c
29 32 49 78 f 42 43 67 f
30 27 56 90 f 41 50 80 c
31 36 60 95 c 50 49 76 f

1792 Hygr. Hygr.
Jan. Therm. Luc. Sauss.
 1. 35 65  + r 41 76  + r
 2. 35 80  + r 40 76  + c
 3. 39 82  + car 46 84  + c
 4. 36 58 78 f 44 48 68 f
 5. 31 58 98 c 39 54 79 c
 6. 31 55 71 f 32 45 62 f
 7. 20 50 72 c 24 61 92 s
 8. 23 63 86 c 28 62 90 c
 9. 23 59 80 f 28 50 68 f
10. 9 52 74 f 24 48 67 f
11. 12 50 71 f 28 45 64 f
12. 15 50 74 c 21 50 75 c
13. 21 75  + cas 28 57 68 cas
14. 19 55 74 f 23 51 71 c
15. 15 58 86 f 29 51 73 f
16. 19 55 80 f 26 51 73 f
17. 15 55 83 f 30 50 74 f
18. 14 58 90 c 24 66  + s
19. 21 66 83 c 28 49 67 f
20. 10 58 86 f 28 51 71 f
21. 21 52 75 f 28 47 68 c
22. 16 64 96 s 19 55 84 s
23. –3 55 80 f 15 47 65 f
24.  6 57 85 c 21 48 67 f
25.  8 53 80 f 26 49 73 f
26.  3 55 82 f 25 51 76 f
 
27.  1 55 88 f 28 48 72 f
28. 11 53 81 c 22 50 75 f
29.  5 54 83 f 28 50 77 f
30. 30 62 94 c
31. 37 89  + r 37 90  + r
Feb.
 1. 31 50 68 f 33 50 70 f
 2. 25 50 72 f 32 46 65 f
 3. 20 53 80 f 35 49 72 f
 4. 30 64 73 c 40 60 87 c
 5. 35 79  + far 47 58 80 f
 6. 31 69 93 f 45 46 67 f
 7. 28 58 88 c 29 55 82 s
 8. 25 76 98 s 34 68 90 c
 9. 30 76 98 f 38 46 65 f
10. 30 53 80 c 38 49 72 c
11. 29 51 75 c 32 48 72 c
12. 26 54 84 s 30 63 96 c
13. 24 59 80 c 29 55 79 c
14. 23 69 98 s 30 67 98 s
15. 25 67 93 c 32 63 89 c
16. 29 69 98 s 38 62 90 c
17. 33 64 90 f 39 47 69 f
18. 22 51 78 f 36 47 71 c
19. 20 51 75 f 28 48 72 f
20. 16 51 78 f 27 46 67 c
21. 15 50 76 f 30 46 69 f
22. 22 40 73 f 36 46 70 f
23. 25 50 78 f 36 46 69 c
24. 19 52 82 f 36 48 75 f
25. 29 61 94 c 41 44 65 c
26. 32 54 86 c 36 63  + r
27. 35 83  + r 36 55 76 c
28. 21 53 74 f 40 42 64 f
29. 23 55 83 f 41 44 65 f
Mar.
 1. 25 59 92 f 49 44 66 f
 2. 40 54 85 c 45 62 98 c
 3. 34 77 99 c 50 50 76 c
 4. 36 69 98 far 47 53 78 c
 5. 37 79  + rlt 43 74 93 c
 6. 35 62 84 f 53 45 66 f
 7. 33 61 92 f 52 46 70 f
 8 35 65 98 c 36 72  + rs
 9 35 76 98 f 50 58 85 f
10 36 75 98 r 38 81  + r
11 36 67 93 f 48 47 67 f
12 34 50 75 f 40 47 69 c
13 32 55 84 f 45 43 64 f
14 31 57 85 f 46 42 62 f
 
15 33 54 83 c 43 48 74 c
16 33 80  + cas 41 69 91 cas
17 33 74 97 f 52 48 72 f
18 35 68 97 c 44 66 96 r
19 43 84  + r 56 73 98 c
20 40 63 80 car 54 43 61 f
21 39 64 94 f 50 40 58 f
22 31 55 86 f 50 39 59 f
23 39 53 84 c 56 61 91 car
24 50 73  + r 55 76  + car
25 45 63 88 c 61 51 75 f
26 41 64 93 c c
27 43 74 99 car 57 65 90 f
28 54 86  + c 70 59 86 c
29 55 91  + carlt 62 48 71 c
30 45 51 81 f 62 43 65 f frogs
31 44 55 89 c 60 43 62 f
Apr.
 1. 41 44 70 f 64 36 56 f
 2. 42 57 92 f 69 36 55 f
 3. 46 55 90 f 71 40 62 f
 4. 50 57 95 f 68 45 75 c
 5. 60 63 96 r 72 52 77 f
 6. 56 69 99 c 71 56 83 f
 7. 57 78  + r 63 44 62 f
 8. 45 53 84 f c
 9. 49 66 96 c 61 74  + c
10. 58. 88  + car 62 49 70 c
11. 51 54 87 r 51 69 96 c
12. 49 73  + r 55 56 75 c
13. 44 61 96 c 52 58 83 c
14. 44 67 96 c 57 38 55 f
15. 35 43 68 f 51 39 59 f
16. 45 49 77 c 57 43 63 f
17. 47 61 93 c 67 51 81 r
18. 56 80  + r 50 70 94 c
19. 42 60 82 c 52 47 66 c
20. 47 67 97 r 47 63 90 c
21 42 67 97 r 48 53 73 c
22 41 65 92 c 52 54 77 c
23 39 66 97 f 65 36 43 f
24 49 50 80 c 66 39 58 f
25 51 51 84 c 59 57 92 r
26 50 77  + c 52 68 93 c
27 45 71 98 f 67 41 47 f
28 51 68 98 c 63 58 76 f
29 51 65 98 c 61 57 86 car
30 54 61 93 f 73 51 63 far
1792
May 60 82  + r 73 41 55 f
 2. 54 50 79 c 64 47 76 c
 
 3 57 78  + car 55 67 93 car
 4 50 74  + car 70 48 66 f.
 5 51 68 93 car 65 44 66 c
 6 54 60 92 c 70 41 54 f
 7 52 58 92 c 66 45 70 car
 8 54 58 94 r 63 53 72 c
 9 49 51 77 f f
10 53 55 90 f 79 35 51 f
11 58 51 88 f f
12 64 60 90 c 80 48 71 f
13 63 71  + far 76 56 80 far
14 63 53 85 far 74 36 50 f
15 58 58 94 f 75 44 70 c.
16 62 63 97 car 76 64 89 car
17 55 64 95 c 60 60 88 car
18 50 59 86 f 63 41 50 f
19 44 55 85 f 67 41 56 f
20 50 60 93 c 69 50 78 c
21 53 63 91 f 71 40 49 f
22 54 53 84 c 75 37 46 f
23 53 58 92 f 79 34 42 f
24 56 57 86 f 80 37 53 f
25 60 58 94 f 84 41 59 f
26 65 54 92 f 82 44 74 c
27 69 76  + car 78 46 61 f
28 57 54 86 f 75 39 52 f
29 58 59 93 f 80 36 50 f
30 62 56 90 f 86 43 63 f
31 69 58 95 f 91 40 61 f
June
 1 73 55 93 c 84 45 68 f
 2 64 58 96 car 73 62 95 car
 3 70 71 97 car 79 51 77 c
 4 67 66 97 c 68 66 97 car
 5 63 75  + car 86 54 75 f
 6 69 61 96 f 75 56 86 car
 7 62 73 98 car 69 60 86 car
 8 53 65 92 car 59 62 92. car
 9 55 58 82 f 70 47 68 f
10 55 50 73 c 58 57 91 r
11 51 82  + r 58 77  + r
12 55 66 90 c 68 47 60 f
13 55 67 95 c 72 48 61 f
14 53 69 99 c 76 46 55 f
15 58 62 95 f 78 47 63 f
16 62 59 92 f 81 41 55 f
17 65 70  + c 85 42 55 f
18 66 66 99 f 88 40 56 f
19 67 59 94 f 88 42 60 f
20 69 62 97 f 86 48 74 f
21 73 65 97 c 86 47 75 c
 
22 69 83  + car 87 48 64 f
23 73 68 98 c 72 65 93 car
24 66 66 95 c c
25 64 66 98 r 75 59 85 c
26 65 69 93 f 81 40 52 f
27 64 60 92 f 86 40 53 f
28 69 61 90 f 88 40 55 f
29 74 62 98 c 91 44 63 f
30 69 56 91 far 87 39 54 f
July
 1 74 57 95 f 92 f
 2 74 63 98 far 91 42 60 f
 3 67 45 77 r 75 46 66 c
 4 67 63 98 r r
 5 58 61 87 f 75 45 60 f
 6 61 53 85 f 77 42 58 f
 7 64 57 92 c 77 43 67 c
 8 62 56 92 c 79 50 78 c
 9 72 66 97 c 87 48 67 f
10 71 62 96 f 89 41 56 f
11 72 52 88 f 86 43 64 f
12 77 56 94 c 86 45 68 f
13
14
15
Monticello
23 63 r 64 c
24. 63 r 70 f
25. 65 far 70 f
26. 65 f 74 f
27. 66 c 75 c
28. 66 r 63 r
29. 62 r 65 r
30. 63 f 70 f
31. 70 f 76 f
Aug.
 1. 67 r.l.t. 78 f
 2. 67 c 76 c
 3. 67 r c
 4. 61 c 71 c
 5. 65 c 74 c
 6. 67 c 76 f
 7. 70 c 78 f
 8. 72 c 78 f
 9. 76 f 83 f
10. 77 f 82 f
11. 78 f 85 f
12. 81 f 87½ f
13. 77 f 83 f
 
14. 75 car 81 car
15. 70 f 73 f
16. 66 f 73 f
17. 67 f 78 f
18. 72 f 81 f
19. 77 f 84 f
20. 77 c 82 c
21. 69 car 65 r
22. 64½ r 66 car
23. 65 c 69 r
24. 67 car car
25. 68 far f
26. 61 f 70 f
27. 63 f 73 f
28. 67 r 76 f
29. 69 f 77 f
30. 72 f f
31. 64 f f
Sep.
 1. 62 f 73 c
 2. 66 r 71 c
 3. 61. f 72 c
 4. 57 far 68 f
 5. 58 f 68 f
 6. 59 f 70 f
 7. 63 c f
 8. 66 f 77 f
 9. 69 f 74 r
10. 54 f 63 f
11. 54 c 64 c
12. 58 f 68 f
13. 61 f 72 f
14. 62 f f
15. 66 c 73 c
16. 62 r 64 r
17. 62 c 69 c
18. 57 f 66 f
19. 57 f r
20. 47 f 57 f
21. 47 frost to kill
cucumbers at
Charlottesville
and tobo.
in flats.
f 57 f
22 51 f 62 f
23 57 f 66 f
24 57 c
Oct. Philadelphia
 7. 42 52 93 f 65 42 73 f
 8. 45 55 98 f 63 45 78 f
 9. 51 56 98 f 65 44 74 f
10. 46 56 98 f 72 39 63 f
 
11 50 55 95 f 75 42 70 f
12 60 58 99 c 68 61  + r
13 53 67 87 r 70 39 56 f
14 53 60 93 f 74 41 62 f
15 63 68 98 r 68 60 84 c.
16 50 53 80 f f
17 45 56 86 f 62 46 70 f
18 50 68 99 f 50 58 96 r
19 40 58 76 far 58 44 63 f
20 41 68  + c 63 53 80 c
21 57 84  + car 56 42 58 f
22 37 48 72 f 50 40 58 f
23 33 53 80 f 58 41 60 f
24 37 61 94 f 63 45 67 f
25 52 66 97 c 69 42 63 f
26 46 60 93 f f
27 46 55 86 f 66 49 76 f
28 50 70 98 c 66 55 83 f
29 53 70 99 c 64 55 81 c
30 54 53 79 car 58 51 76 c
31 54 58 79 c 58 56 88 r
Nov.
 1 61 92  + r 64 68 93 f
 2 54 77  + f 63 67 89 f
 3 54 64 91 f 57 60 84 c
 4 42 65 93 f 62 48 69 f
 5 40 61 89 f 60 47 70 c
 6 50 48 71 f 62 40 60 f
 7 46 52 82 f f
 8 54 68 96 c 56 63 88 car
 9 53 88  + car 56 70 88 car
10 54 63 88 c 58 51 72 c
11 43 60 90 f 59 45 63 f
12 44 60 78 c 47 47 66 c
13 36 56 83 f 50 46 66 f
14 41 56 72 f 52 46 66 f
15 36 53 70 f 52 44 65 f
16 far 55 42 59 f
17 41 49 72 f 55 43 62 f
18 45 58 72 c c
19 56 78 73 c 60 85  + r
20 46 63 83 c 50 48 63 f
21 40 51 71 f 46 46 62 f
22 35 52 75 c 36 71 95 s
23 35 85  + r 37 87  + r
24 34 84  + s 38 77 95 c
25 34 65 83 f 43 52 68 f
26 30 66 92 f 50 55 76 f
27 35 79 97 f 56 54 77 f
28 42 87  + c 60 61 87 c
 
29 39 60 81 far 47 52 72 f
30 33 51 70 far 40 47 62 f
Dec.
 1. 29 56 80 f 34 54 77 c
 2 30 62 80 f 36 48 62 f
 3 26 55 79 c 38 50 71 f
 4 34 66 92 c 42 75  + r
 5 42 94  + c 49 88  + car
 6 43 92  + c 46 57 77 c
 7 33 66 81 far 31 58 77 c
 8 26 64 84 f 36 53 71 f
 9 35 62 81 c 40 55 78 c
10 23 54 74 f 31 50 67 f
11 29 55 77 f 41 50 70 f
12 27 62 86 f 36 49 67 f
13 34 56 80 car 43 56 83 c
14 37 78  + r 39 84 r
15 31 65 88 f 38 52 69
16 29 55 77 f 33 50 66 cas
17 29 54 75 f 36 50 69 c
18 32 57 82 c 38 53 75 c
19 37 66 91 c 45 51 74 c
20 32 55 81 c 33 55 79 c
21 25 58 87 f 37 52 76 c
22 35 64 83 c 40 62 88 c
23 32 68 95 f 46 47 68 f
24 41 89  + r 46 93  + r
25 37 71 90 f 43 54 72 f
26 31 60 84 c 41 50 66 f
27 24 56 80 f 31 50 67 f
28 21 56 82 f 31 54 77 c
29 21 59 88 f 42 49 67 f
30 31 67 92 c 41 58 79 f
31 37 66 89 c 45 46 63 f
1793
Jan.
 1 29 58 83 c 31 52 72 c
 2 31 61 96 f 41 66 89 c
 3 31 63 86 c 33 64 90 c
 4 39 94  + r 41 94  + c
 5. 36 68 90 f 43 61 85 c
 6. 34 63 87 c 45 56 76 f
 7. 33 68 94 f 49 51 72 f
 8. 33 67 93 f 49 58 81 f
 9. 35 65 93 f 50 54 77 c
10. 39 57 84 f 52 50 73 f
11. 35 58 91 f 48 44 63 f
12. 33 47 71 f 42 42 62 f
13. 29 62 75 f 42 46 66 f
14. 28 47 68 f 30 61 91 h
 
15. 32 85  + c 39 78 97 c
16. 36 88  + c 39 91  + r
17. 37 94  + r 46 52 69 f
18. 32 73 98 f 51 50 72 f
19. 38 66 91 f 49 49 71 f
20. 33 54 88 c 48 51 74 f
21. 36 60 94 c f
22 29 54 78 f 33 50 70 f
23 24 51 77 f 36 47 65 f
24 30 62 95 s 38 55 77 c
25 31 62 91 f 42 51 70 f
26 33 57 84 c 38 47 67 f
27 24 63 90 f 39 54 78 f
28 35 90  + cas 43 77 94 f
29 30 53 70 f 40 48 65 f
30 26 51 71 c 25 80  + s
31. 27 79 97 c 32 53 68 s
 1. 10 52 68 f 28 52 71 f
 2. 27 86  + c 33 88  + r
 3. 33 70 90 c 36 54 71 f
 4. 28 59 83 c f
 5. 35 76 97 f 44 63 82 c
 6. 35 72 96 c 46 95  + r
 7. 37 74 90 c 40 51 68 f
 8. 29 51 81 c 44 60 86 c
 9. 42 75 98 c 50 45 64 f
10. 35 62 87 c 40 43 60 f
11. 21 47 70 f 28 46 68 c
12. 23 55 97 s 29 78  + c
13. 23 77 97 s 29 67 87 s
14. 27 63 89 c 38 49 70 c
15. 18 57 83 f 39 45 68 f
16. 30 58 86 c 42 56 84 r
17. 40 80  + r 50 94  + r
18. 39 77 94 c 46 55 76 f
19. 31 74 95 c 41 70 93 r
20. 54 94  + r 53 54 74 f
21. 36 67 92 c 49 45 61 f
22. 30 60 84 f 35 46 61 f
23. 29 52 75 [ ] 36 66 92 c
24. 54 80  + r 58 75 97 r
25. 35 55 76 c c
26. 36 87  + r 46 93  + r
27. 43 91  + car 45 63 79 c
28. 17 49 61 f 29 46 60 f
Mar.
 1 21 60 83 f 36 46 61 f
 2 31 67 91 f 50 56 77 f
 3 47 97  + r 64 58 79 f
 4 43 81  + f 59 55 78 c
 
 5 51 95  + car 50 51 68 car
 6 33 56 79 f 60 44 59 f
 7 37 71 92 f 60 60 85 c frogs
 8 53 94  + car 61 77 93 car
 9 29 58 75 far 42 50 62 f
10 30 60 81 f 51 46 62 f bluebird
11 41 82 95 r 57 85  + r shad
12 42 50 70 c 43 47 63 f
13 36 72 95 c 40 46 59 f
14 27 54 77 f 43 42 56 f
15 31 62 88 f 60 46 66 f
16 51 59 90 c 62 57 84 f
17 51 62 93 c 72 47 70 f
18 56 51 90 f 70 53 82 c
19 53 67 87 r f
20 43 51 80 f 61 39 57 f
21 42 70  + r 47 59 79 c
22 31 53 65 f 51 40 55 f
23 36 49 72 f 56 37 52 f
24 37 49 75 f 53 40 57 f
25 34 56 89 f 60 38 58 f
26 45 60 94 c 59 63 98 r
27 42 60 83 f 53 46 63 f
28 33 47 68 f 46 42 57 f
29 33 54 81 f 58 43 60 f
30 45 55 85 c 59 47 70 f
31. 43 55 93 c 62 49 72 f
Apr.
 1. 45 67 99 c 72 43 61 f
 2. 47 62 94 f 73 49 73 f peach blossom
 3. 56 55 93 f 75 42 64 f
 4. 53 57 95 c 71 49 71 f
 5. 55 55 97 c 61 75  + r
 6. 59 84  + c 76 52 73 f
 7. 48 66 92 far 67 38 45 f
 8. 48 55 87 f f
 9. f c
10. far
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
 
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
May
 1. 45 c <72> 49 85 f
 2. 49 82  + c <74> 46 81 f
 3. 60 79  + r <65> 71  + r
 4. 57 86  + f f a whippoorwill
 5. 56 70  + c <57> 58 93 c
 6. 46 66  + c <60> 56 93 f
 7. 49 76  + c c
 8. 59 83  + c <75> 52 90 f
 9. 60 82  + f <79> 49 85 f
10. 64 71  + r <73> 40 70 f
11. 55 63  + c <77> 47 85 f
12. 61 78  + c <70> 48 86 c
13. 58 55 89 f <75> 38 78 f
14. 53 62  + f f
15. 60 55 96 f <67> 37 68 f
16. 47 49 91 f <66> 40 81 f
17. 45 61  + f f
18. 55 64  + f <83> 46 88 f
19. 64 63  + f <83> 47 91 f peas
20. 65 68  + f <86> 43 82 f
21. 67 65  + f <84> 43 85 f
22 72 68  + c car
23 65 47 83 car f
24 58 49 90 f <70> 40 76 f
25 47 65  + f c
26 60 62  + r <69> 60  + r
27 67 80  + c <81> 55 95 f
28 68 72  + f c
29 57 75  + r r
30 54 69  + c <58> 57 90 car
31. 54 65  + c c
June
 1. 53 73  + car <66> 55 93 car
 2. 53 71  + f <65> 51 88 car
 3. 55 71  + car <63> 57 95 car
 4. 54 73  + r <63> 64  + car
 5. 55 77  + car c.
 6. 58 73  + car <72> 66  + car
 7. 68 84  + far f
 8. 63 66  + f f
 9. 70 71  + f <86> 48 88 far
 
10. 74 67  + f <89> 46 88 f
11. 75 64  + f <87> 48 94 f
12. 74 far <85> 48 93 f
13. 74 70  + car r
14. 63 57 97 f <76> 44 86 c
15. 59 62  + f <80> 39 78 c
16. 62 61  + c <83> 44 91 f
17. 73 70  + c r
18. 72 71  + c <87> 47 90 f
19. 74 64  + f
20. 78 67  + f 45 90 far
21. 75 60  + car 46 90 far
22. 57 63  + car 40 77 f
23. 56 61  + f 36 75 f
24. 57 60  + f 40 81 f
25. 65 61  + c 58  + r
26 66 71  + c 57  + r
27 61 70  + c 46 86 f
28 71 70  + c 51 91 f
29 75 72  + c 50 90 c
30 72 63  + far 44 89 f
July
 1. 75 61  + f 87 43 89 car
 2. 76 63  + c 85 54 95 car
 3. 73 69  + car 80 51 93 c
 4. 69 65  + c f
 5. 74 70  + far 50 98 f
 6. 77 72  + c 83 49 81 c
 7. 73 60 89 far 84 42 71 f
 8. 71 62 96 c 83 45 76 f
 9. 71 61 93 c 82 51 85 car
10. 67 64 96 far 84 40 67 f
11. 73 63 89 f 87 39 68 f
12. 58 96 far 81 40 65 f
13. 65 56 86 f 82 37 60 f
14. 61 48 80 f 77 35 61 f
15. 63 51 83 f 76 46 81 r
16. 71 68 93 c 82 43 70 f
17. 66 52 85 f 81 39 65 f
18. 56 82 f f
19. 72 55 82 f 85 45 79 c
20. 70 65 94 far 84 42 66 f
21. 67 59 88 far f
22. 70 62 86 f 86 43 71 f
23. 72 63 88 f 87 43 65 c
24. 74 62 96 car 87 47 74 far
25. 63 87 f f
26. 61 46 74 f 80 34 58 f
27. 61 55 92 f 82 40 70 c
28. 70 54 91 far 83 46 78 car
 
29. 73 72 98 c r
30. 72 69 97 c 85 50 79 far
31. 75 71 96 c 86 53 81 car
Aug.
 1. 65 56 85 c f
 2. 57 59 87 f f
 3. 57 61 81 f 81 40 62 f
 4. 62 65 98 f 86 45 65 f
 5. 72 61 91 f 87 43 66 f
 6. 75 60 84 c 85 44 68 f
 7. 65 55 81 f 83 41 69 f
 8. 65 61 91 f f
 9. 76 69 97 car 86 50 76 f
10. 65 57 85 f 83 42 64 f
11. 66 63 90 f 89 43 66 f
12. 67 63 88 f 87 41 66 f
13. 67 57 87 f 87 41 66 f
14. 74 57 93 f 82 50 79 r
15. 71 68 98 r 77 57 86 c
16. 69 72 97 f 83 46 71 f
17. 69 63 86 f 85 45 61 f
18. 71 66 77 f 88 45 f
19. 71 63 far 82 46 c
20. 68 57 car f
21. 61 58 f 82 41 f
22. 60 58 f 84 41 f
23. 60 61 f 81 45 f
24. 72 66 c 85 46 f
25. 70 76 car 64 84 r
26. 58 69 c c
27. 64 60 c 79 52 c
28. 67 c 84 f
29. 72 c
30.
31.
Jan.    1794.
 1. Monticello. Jan. 22. blue birds
 2    27. Yuckers33
 3     crows
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
 
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22 53 55 r
23 37 f 44 f
24 39 f 39 f
25 32 f 40 f
26 27 cas 27 cas
27 37 36 f
28 26 c 36 f
29 24 s 23 s
30 24 f 31 f
31. 23 f 32 f
Feb.
 1. 22 f 32 f
 2. 22 f 31
 3. 26 f 36 c
 4 35 car 42 f
 5. 36 43 f
 6. 24 c 24 s
 7. 27 c 41 f
 8. 38 f 45 f
 9. 35 cars 39 car
10. 40 car 53 f snow gone generally.
11. 48 f 52 c
12. 45 r 43 r
13. 36 f 43 f
14. 34 c 43 c
15. 35 c 41 c
16. 22 c 28 cas
17 23 f 36 f
18 30 f 40 f
19 33 40 r
20 48 car 56 c
21 34 f 40 f
22 28 f 40 f
23 30 s 37 c
24. 31 26 f at 10.P.M. mercury 14.
25. 17 f 27 f
26. 20 c
27. 22 c 40 f
28. 32 f 42 f
Mar
 1. 35 f 50 f
 2 49 far 61 c
 3 55 r 59 f
 
 4 23 f 35 f
 5 20 cas 24 s
 6 28 r.s. 37 cas snow 4.I.
 7 35 c f
 8 34 f 39 f snow gone on plains
 9 29 f 41 c
10 35 f 46 f
11 38 f
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31.
Apr.
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
 6.
 7.
 8.
 9.

4The Scot John Aitken, one of Philadelphia’s noted cabinetmakers, had a shop at this time at 50 Chestnut Street (Bjerkoe, Cabinetmakers, p. 22 description begins Ethel Hall Bjerkoe, The Cabinetmakers of America, New York, 1957 description ends ; Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

5The shop of John Robertson the blacksmith was located one door south of Library Hall in Fifth Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

6There is no tinsmith named Bradly in Phila. Dir. 1791; this may have been Thomas Bradley, a coppersmith on Chestnut Street.

7 Henrietta Gardner was TJ’s washerwoman until his departure from Philadelphia in May 1800. Her husband Billey, or William Gardner (d. 1795), had been James Madison’s slave valet and was at this time a free servant in Mary House’s boardinghouse (Irving Brant, James Madison: Father of the Constitution, 1787-1800 [Indianapolis, 1950], p. 380).

8 William Long, a cabinetmaker at 165 South Front Street, made this unique book press, which had “not a single nail, screw, nor glue” and could “be taken to peices and put together again the whole of them in half an hour.” TJ sold it, with additional ones made by Thomas Carstairs, to Judge James Wilson, who followed TJ as tenant of 274 Market Street (TJ to Wilson, 17 Apr. 1793; MB 19 Dec. 1791, 2 Jan. 1794; Hornor, Philadelphia Furniture, p. 153 description begins William M. Hornor, A History of Philadelphia Furniture, Philadelphia, 1935 description ends ).

9James Madison, who had again been TJ’s travelling companion on the journey to Philadelphia, had in Sep. 1790 sold TJ a carriage horse, which died a few days later. TJ insisted on paying for the horse (TJ to Madison, 23 Sep. 1790, 12 Jan. 1791; Madison to TJ, [11 Jan. 1791]). For an explanation of TJ’s computation error, which led to Madison’s refund of $23.26, see Madison, Papers, xiii, 352, 355 description begins The Papers of James Madison, ed. William T. Hutchinson and others, vols. 1-10, Chicago, 1962-1977, vols. 11-, Charlottesville, Va., 1977- description ends .

10 John Campbell was a tea merchant at 1 South Front Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

11Imperial tea was a green Chinese tea made from older leaves.

12 Henry Sheaff, a grocer and wine merchant at 223 (later 180) Market Street, supplied TJ with wines for many years (Phila. Dir. 1791, 1793 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

13 Thomas Billington was a tailor at 96 and 97 Chestnut Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

14 Henry and Joseph Ingle were cabinetmakers on Market Street. Henry later moved to Washington, where he continued his trade and opened a hardware store on New Jersey Avenue near the Capitol (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ; Washington National Intelligencer, 4 Feb. 1801; Anne C. Golvin, “Cabinetmakers and Chairmakers of Washington, D.C., 1791-1840,” The Magazine Antiques, [May 1975], p. 916). A number of Henry Ingle’s itemized ironmongery bills survive in MHi and CSmH.

15 William Hamilton was a carpenter on Market Street near Eighth Street (Jackson, Market Street, p. 228 description begins Joseph Jackson, America’s Most Historic Highway, Market Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 1926 description ends ).

16 The New-York Magazine; or, Literary Repository was a monthly published in New York City from 1790 through 1797 by Thomas and James Swords (Mott, American Magazines, i, 114-16 description begins Frank L. Mott, A History of American Magazines, 1741-1850, New York, 1930, 2 vols. description ends ).

17According to the TJ Index, 1791-1803 description begins Thomas Jefferson manuscript indexes for the Memorandum Books, 1767-1826, bound with them, except for 1773 (unlocated), 1776-1778 and 1779-1782 (ViU) description ends , this, and most subsequent Bringhurst entries, refer to John Bringhurst, a hardware and “fancy-goods” merchant at 26 Market Street in 1791 and 12 South Third Street in 1793 (Phila. Dir. 1791, 1793 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ). Bringhurst, who acted as TJ’s unofficial banker in 1793, was also a tinsmith. TJ’s slave Isaac, who mistakenly called him “Jim,” was apprenticed to Bringhurst for several years in the 1790s, and in 1797 Bringhurst came to Monticello to set up a tinsmith shop (Bear, Jefferson at Monticello, p. 14-15 description begins Jefferson at Monticello, ed. James A. Bear, Jr., Charlottesville, Va., 1967 description ends ; MB 10 Sep. 1797).

18TJ paid Sharp Delany, collector of the port of Philadelphia, for duties on the contents of the eighty packing cases full of TJ’s French household belongings which had arrived the previous fall. The only dutiable items, as TJ learned after consulting Alexander Hamilton on the subject, were the 680 bottles of wine from TJ’s Paris cellar and 145 rolls of French wallpaper. In his declaration TJ greatly underestimated the value of the wallpaper, which cost 1,117–10 and is described in the invoice of Arthur et Robert, 29 July 1790, in DLC: Short Papers (MB 30 Nov. 1790; Papers, xviii, 34 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ; TJ to William Short, 6 Apr. 1790; TJ to Delany, 15 Jan. 1791).

19TJ had commissioned Captain Nathaniel Colley to have made in London two tables “exactly on the plan of that of the ship Clermont,” on which TJ had sailed from France to Virginia in 1789. The larger of these mahogany draw tables, made by Samuel Titt, is now at Monticello (TJ memorandum to Colley, 16 Nov. 1789; Colley to TJ, 22 Jan. 1791).

20 Mathew Carey (1760-1839) and Peter Stewart were printers and booksellers at 22 North Front Street. Carey edited and published the monthly American Museum, or, Universal Magazine, one of the first successful American periodicals, from 1787 through 1792 (Brown, Philadelphia Book Trade, p. 28 description begins H. Glenn Brown and Maude O. Brown, A Directory of the Book-Arts and Book Trade in Philadelphia to 1820, New York, 1950 description ends ; Mott, American Magazines, i, 100-3 description begins Frank L. Mott, A History of American Magazines, 1741-1850, New York, 1930, 2 vols. description ends ; Sowerby, No. 4903 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

21TJ had ordered from France an octavo edition of Diderot and D’Alembert’s Encyclopédie for a “friend,” possibly William Samuel Johnson (1727-1819), president of Columbia College and senator from Connecticut (TJ to William Short, 27 Apr. 1790).

22TJ subscribed to John Jenkins’ lessons in penmanship, The Art of Writing Reduced to a Plain and Easy System, published in Boston in 1791 (Noah Webster, Jr., to TJ, 31 Jan. 1791).

23 John Bulkeley & Son, Lisbon merchants, had sent TJ six different Portuguese wines as a sample. TJ preferred the oldest Termo in the shipment and subsequently ordered a pipe of this dry white Lisbon wine (MB 25 July 1791; TJ to David Humphreys, 11 Apr. 1791).

24Correctly 22s–1d.

25Correctly $3.01.

26Annapolis merchant William Brown had presented TJ with a twenty-year-old account for Venetian blinds and other items TJ had commissioned Thomas Adams to buy in London in 1771. Maryland Senator Charles Carroll of Carrollton was the channel of communication for the settlement of this account, which TJ had considered long since paid in full (TJ to Adams, 20 Feb. 1771; TJ to Brown, 4 and 18 Apr., 13 June 1790, 17 Mch., 4 Apr. 1791; TJ to Carroll, 4 Apr. 1791).

27 Jesse Sharpless was a sadler at 93 Chestnut Street in 1793 (Phila. Dir. 1793).

28 William McDowell was a carpenter at 81 South Fourth Street and in 1793 Anthony Fanner was a painter and glazier at 94 Spruce Street (Phila. Dir. 1791, 1793 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

29 Thomas Carstairs, house carpenter and contractor on Chestnut Street between Ninth and Tenth streets, had built the house TJ lived in (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ; TJ to Thomas Leiper, 4 Aug. 1790). TJ later sought his advice when remodelling Monticello (Farm Book, p. 104 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Farm Book,” 1774-1826. Reproduced in facsimile in Betts, Farm Book. MHi description ends ; Nichols, No. 146, p. 17, 19 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Architectural Drawings, ed. Frederick D. Nichols, 4th ed., Charlottesville, Va., 1978 description ends ).

30Stenographer Thomas Lloyd (1756-1827) never carried out his plan, advertised at this time, for publishing the current debates of Congress. TJ did not apparently own Lloyd’s record of the first Congress, The Congressional Register (New York, 1789-1790), but he subscribed to a 1793 pamphlet describing Lloyd’s method of shorthand and compiled a list (MHi) of Lloyd’s symbols for some common words (Sowerby, No. 1133 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ; Marion Tinling, “Thomas Lloyd’s Reports of the First Federal Congress,” WMQ, 3d ser., xviii [1961], 519-45).

31Thomas Mason was a “turner” at 70 Elm and 67 Walnut streets (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ). He later specialized in making Windsor chairs (Horner, Philadelphia Furniture, p. 310).

32 Herbst & Lex were Philadelphia grocers at 283 Market Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

33In Oct. 1790 Benjamin Franklin Bache had established the daily Philadelphia General Advertiser, changing its name after Nov. 1794 to the Aurora. William Duane edited and published this Republican paper after Bache’s death in 1798 (Sowerby, No. 544 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ; Brigham, History, ii, 891-2, 916 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ). At this time TJ, from “a desire of seeing a purely republican vehicle of news established between the seat of government and all it’s parts,” urged Bache to make his paper one “of general distribution” (TJ to Bache, 22 Apr. 1791). The advertisement paid for by TJ may have been the one which ran from 7 Jan. to 2 Feb.: “Wanted, A Genteel Servant, who can shave and dress well, attend a gentleman on horseback, wait at table, and be well recommended. Enquire at Market-street, No. 274.” This appears to have been a search for a replacement for Matteo Lavoratorini, who may have wished to return to New York. Philippe Ducombe was hired in April, John Mole followed shortly after, and in Mch. 1792 TJ finally found a satisfactory valet, the French boy Joseph.

34MJR had asked TJ to purchase for her a green silk calash, as more suitable than a hat for the Virginia climate. The veils bought on 26 Apr. were to fasten around the calash brim (MJR to TJ, 22 Mch., 23 May 1791; TJ to MJR, 17 Apr. 1791). There is such a calash presently in the Monticello collection.

35These were the first bayberry candles TJ had ever used; he continued to order an annual supply (TJ to Adam Lindsay, 15 Apr. and 15 Sep. 1791).

36Pipe-clay is a fine white clay used in making tobacco pipes and for cleaning white trousers (OED).

37TJ’s coachman Francis Seche evidently carried to Harriton TJ’s letter of this date to Charles Thomson, asking Thomson’s presence at a meeting of the American Philosophical Society committee formed to study the Hessian fly.

38 JWE had come to Philadelphia to continue his education under TJ’s roof and supervision (TJ to Francis Eppes, 8 Oct. 1790, 15 May 1791).

39 John Carey (1756-1826), brother of Mathew Carey and a teacher of classics and shorthand, sold books at 112 Union Street (Brown, Philadelphia Book Trade, p. 28 description begins H. Glenn Brown and Maude O. Brown, A Directory of the Book-Arts and Book Trade in Philadelphia to 1820, New York, 1950 description ends ). At some point TJ acquired a number of theological titles from Carey’s own library (Sowerby, Nos. 1491, 1556, 1581, 2195 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

40 Robert Leslie was a clock and watchmaker at 167 Market Street. TJ, who later bought an odometer and the great clock for Monticello from Leslie, referred to him as the “most ingenious workman in America” (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ; TJ to William Short, 1 Sep. 1791; Prime, Arts & Crafts, p. 252-58 description begins The Arts & Crafts in Philadelphia, Maryland and South Carolina, ed. Alfred Coxe Prime, New York, 1969, 2 vols. description ends ; Bedini, Thinkers and Tinkers, p. 398-9 description begins Silvio A. Bedini, Thinkers and Tinkers: Early American Men of Science, New York, 1975 description ends ).

42 William Burgess & Co. were shopkeepers at 10 South Third Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

43On the evening of 10 May a fire had broken out in Israel Israel’s stable on Dock Street near Third Street; about twenty buildings were destroyed. TJ sent his contribution to the relief of the homeless to John Barclay (d. 1816), mayor of Philadelphia 1791-1792 and a banker and wine merchant at 211 and 216 South Front Street (Pennsylvania Journal, 11 May 1791; J. T. Scharf and Thompson Westcott, History of Philadelphia [Philadelphia, 1884], i, 467; TJ to Barclay, 15 May 1791; Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

44For the contents of this shipment to Monticello, which included books, bedding, Windsor chairs, and Venetian blinds, see TJ to TMR, 15 May 1791.

45 Edward Fox was a notary public at 146 Market Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

46TJ bought Greek and Latin editions of Plutarch’s Lives from the Philadelphia Quaker John Pemberton (Pemberton to TJ, 16 July 1791, and note; Sowerby, No. 69 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

47TJ was leaving Philadelphia for New York City, where he would join James Madison for a tour of upstate New York and parts of New England. TJ was almost solely responsible for the itinerary of this vacation of amateur naturalists, the main objects of which, as expressed by Madison, were “health recreation and curiosity” (Madison to TJ, 12 May 1791). TJ’s “periodical” headache and Madison’s bilious attacks vanished in almost four weeks spent walking over historic battlefields, examining manufactories, fishing on New York lakes, and studying botanical curiosities. TJ, as chairman of the American Philosophical Society committee to investigate the Hessian fly, added a dose of national utility to the pleasure by making scrupulous enquiries about the habits and depradations of that northern enemy of wheat. For TJ’s mainly botanical and geographical journal of the tour, his notes on the Hessian fly, and a full discussion of the journey in its political context, see Papers, xx, 434-73 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends . See also Madison’s notes on the tour in Madison, Papers, xiv, 25-30 description begins The Papers of James Madison, ed. William T. Hutchinson and others, vols. 1-10, Chicago, 1962-1977, vols. 11-, Charlottesville, Va., 1977- description ends ; Malone, Jefferson, ii, 359-63 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ; and Jackson, Jefferson and the Stony Mountains, p. 68-71 description begins Donald Jackson, Thomas Jefferson and the Stony Mountains, Chicago, 1981 description ends .

48Two to three words erased and illegible.

49 James Hemings, who accompanied TJ on his tour, took TJ’s phaeton and horses on to Poughkeepsie, while TJ and Madison travelled up the Hudson River by boat.

50According to TJ’s journal, Conklin’s tavern was in the Highlands section of the Hudson River between Peekskill and the Putnam and Dutchess county line (Papers, xx, 453 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ).

51 Stephen Hendricksen kept Poughkeepsie’s Market Street Tavern (R. W. Fromm, New York State Historical Association, to Editors, 9 July 1973).

52At Conrad Lasher’s, sixteen miles beyond Poughkeepsie, TJ made his first enquiries about the Hessian fly (Papers, xx, 456-7 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ).

53TJ estimated the height of the eighty-six-foot Cohoes Falls, on the Mohawk River near its confluence with the Hudson River, at seventy feet. The Marquis de Chastellux called the falls, in present Cohoes, Albany County, “one of the wonders of America” (TJ to TMR, 5 June 1791; Chastellux, Travels, i, 200-201, 346 description begins Travels in North America in the Years 1780, 1781, and 1782 by the Marquis de Chastellux, ed. Howard C. Rice, Jr., Chapel Hill, N.C., 1963, 2 vols. description ends ).

54TJ and Madison may have been accompanied to some of the historic sites of the Revolution by John B. Schuyler, whose father General Philip Schuyler, whom the travellers had seen in Albany, had requested him to be their guide. Among “the principal scenes of Burgoyne’s misfortunes” visited by the two Virginians were “the grounds at Still water where the action of that name was fought, and particularly the breastworks which cost so much blood to both parties.” Three miles north of the town of Stillwater in present Bemis Heights they stopped at the home of Dr. Elias Willard (1756-1827) to discuss the Hessian fly. Just north of Bemis Heights was the site of the action of “Stillwater,” now better known as the first and second battles of Saratoga, which took place on 19 Sep. and 7 Oct. 1777 within the present Saratoga National Historical Park. After breakfast at Ezekiel Ensign’s tavern four miles beyond Willard’s, they travelled six miles further to Saratoga (present Schuylerville), where they viewed “the encampments . . . and ground where the British piled their arms” on 17 Oct. 1777 (TJ to TMR, 5 June 1791; Papers, xx, 440, 458 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ; Elizabeth F. Abel, Stillwater Town Historian, to Editors, 16 July 1973; Charles W. Snell and Francis F. Wilshin, Saratoga National Historical Park, New York [Washington, D.C., 1955]).

55After dining at Archibald McNeil’s (McNeal) tavern three miles north of Saratoga (Schuylerville), TJ and Madison probably crossed the Hudson River at McNeal’s ferry at the site of the present Northumberland bridge. At Fort Edward, the French and Indian War outpost, they lodged at Alexander Baldwin, Jr.’s, tavern near the fort (R. W. Fromm to Editors, 9 July 1973).

56Now Lake George village. Here TJ and Madison embarked on a vessel, on which they sailed the length of Lake George, “without comparison the most beautiful water I ever saw” (TJ to MJR, 31 May 1791). Either before embarking or on their return on 1 June, they visited the French and Indian War outposts, Forts George and William Henry (TJ to TMR, 5 June 1791).

57TJ and Madison visited Fort Ticonderoga, built as Fort Carillon by the French in 1755 and a strategic position in both the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars. They then sailed about fifteen miles up Lake Champlain to Crown Point, first fortified by the French in 1731 and the last of the forts they visited “which have been scenes of blood from a very early part of our history” (TJ to TMR, 5 June 1791). They lodged that night in Vermont, across the lake from Crown Point at Chimney Point, the promontory from which Samuel de Champlain is said to have given his name to the body of water before him in 1609.

58Head winds and rough water curtailed TJ and Madison’s excursion into Lake Champlain, which TJ found “a much larger but less pleasant water” than Lake George (Papers, xx, 455 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ; TJ to MJR, 31 May 1791). They sailed to within about ten miles of Split Rock, a natural feature on the New York side of the lake.

59TJ and Madison saw “two very remarkeable cataracts” on the Hudson River, Wing’s Falls (now Glens Falls) and “Sandy hill falls” (now Baker’s Falls), in present Glens Falls, Warren County, and Hudson Falls, Washington County (TJ to TMR, 5 June 1791; Chastellux, Travels, i, 216, 353 description begins Travels in North America in the Years 1780, 1781, and 1782 by the Marquis de Chastellux, ed. Howard C. Rice, Jr., Chapel Hill, N.C., 1963, 2 vols. description ends ). A Mr. Dean kept the Eagle Tavern on the square at Sandy Hill near present Hudson Falls (R. W. Fromm to Editors, 9 July 1973).

60The site of General John Stark’s victory over one of Burgoyne’s detachments under Colonel Baum was not even in Vermont, after that state’s boundary was fixed in 1790. On 16 Aug. 1777 the “battle of Bennington” was fought near present Walloomsac, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., on land owned by John Greene; Thomas Sickle’s farm was nearby (information supplied by Christina Stevens, Hoosick Falls, N.Y.).

61Captain Elijah Dewey’s tavern, now called the Walloomsac Inn, still stands on Monument Avenue in Old Bennington. Because travel in Vermont was not permitted on the Sabbath, TJ and Madison stayed an extra day in Bennington, where they were the guests of ardent republican Moses Robinson (1741-1813), with whom they attended services at First Congregational Church. Joseph Fay was another Bennington republican whom they saw on this weekend (Papers, xx, 443-4 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ; TJ to TMR, 5 June 1791).

62 Sarah Williams Marsh kept Dalton’s leading public house (History of the County of Berkshire [Pittsfield, Mass., 1829], p. 636).

63The two most prominent inns in Northampton at this time were both kept by Pomeroys. Perhaps TJ stayed at Captain Daniel Pomeroy’s Red Tavern, an antifederalist meeting place, rather than the tavern kept by his cousin Asahel Pomeroy (Nancy Bowker Brownell, “Hotels and Taverns,” The Northampton Book [Northampton, Mass., 1954], p. 365-7).

64TJ crossed to the east bank of the Connecticut River, evidently in order to view these large elms, and then returned to the west bank to continue the journey south.

65TJ meant to write Suffield, Conn., where he dined at Captain Aaron Hitchcock’s tavern (Celebration of the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement of Suffield, Connecticut [Suffield, Conn., 1921], p. 180). TJ’s route through Connecticut may be followed on William Blodget, A New and Correct Map of Connecticut (New Haven, 1791).

66In 1788 Frederick Bull established the City Coffee House just north of the courthouse (William DeLoss Love, The Colonial History of Hartford [Hartford, 1914], p. 237-8).

67This is probably Sideling Hill, a high ridge between the Hartford to Middletown road and the Connecticut River just north of present Cromwell, Middlesex County, Conn. (Arthur H. Hughes and Morse S. Allen, Connecticut Place Names [Hartford, 1976], p. 100). On this hill TJ made inquiries concerning the Hessian fly (Papers, xx, 459 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ).

68The principal tavern in Middletown was kept by Elizabeth Bigelow on the east side of Main Street (History of Middlesex County, Connecticut [New York, 1884], p. 88). While in Middletown TJ took notes on an axis in peritrochio for raising water (Papers, xx, 456 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ).

69This is probably Quonnipaug Pond, which is located about half way between Durham and Guilford in New Haven County, Conn.

70 Medad Stone kept the tavern and post office on the green in Guilford, Conn. (Ralph D. Smith, The History of Guilford, Connecticut [Albany, N.Y., 1877], p. 124).

71Present Orient Point on the North Fork of Long Island, N.Y. Here TJ questioned Rufus Tupple, with whom he breakfasted, about the Hessian fly (Papers, xx, 459 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ). As there were no Tupples in the 1790 census, his host may have been a Tuthill, a family name then common on the North Fork (Robert R. Gamble, Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities, to Editors, 5 Oct. 1973).

72TJ and Madison evidently lodged with Christiana Peck, the only Peck in Southold at this time (Gamble to Editors, 5 Oct. 1973). Here TJ talked with Ezra L’Hommedieu about the Hessian fly (Papers, xx, 459 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ; L’Hommedieu to TJ, 10 Sep. 1791; TJ to L’Hommedieu, 22 Dec. 1791).

73 John Griffing kept a public house in Riverhead, Suffolk County, Long Island (History of Suffolk County, New York [New York, 1882], p. 10).

74TJ and Madison were the guests of William Floyd (1734-1821), whom TJ had first known as a fellow delegate in Congress at Mary House’s boardinghouse in 1783. Just north of Mastic, Floyd’s home on the Forge River in Brookhaven Township, TJ, Madison, and their host visited an Algonquin tribe of about twenty Unquachog (now Poospatuck) Indians. Here TJ, who believed that the key to the origin of the American Indians lay in their languages, compiled a vocabulary of Unquachog words, which is printed in Papers, xx, 467-70 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends . This list, which preserved an Indian dialect shortly before its extinction, was part of a lifetime collection of Indian vocabularies that was largely lost in 1809 (William Q. Maxwell, A Portrait of William Floyd [Setauket, New York, 1956], p. 35; Papers , xx, 449-52).

75The nursery of William Prince (1725-1802) at Flushing was one of the oldest and would long continue to be one of the finest in the country (L. H. Bailey, The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture [New York, 1930], ii, 1590-1). For the trees TJ ordered for Monticello after this visit, see note 84 below.

76Leaving James Madison in New York, TJ crossed the Hudson River to Paulus Hook as usual, but then pursued the alternate route to the south through Staten Island. At Bergen Point he crossed the Kill van Kull near the present Bayonne Bridge. He breakfasted at Richmondtown, where he consulted Daniel Turner about the Hessian fly, and continued to Billop’s (now Ward’s) point, where he crossed the Arthur Kill to Perth Amboy. He then took his fourth ferry of the day across the Raritan River to South Amboy (Papers, xx, 460 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ; Charles L. Sachs, “Thomas Jefferson’s Visit to Richmondtown in 1791,” Staten Island Historian, ii, No. 4 [1985], 33-9).

77“Dunk’s” ferry crossed the Delaware River just south of the mouth of Neshaminy Creek (Traveller’s Directory, “Philadelphia to New York,” map 3 description begins S. S. Moore and T. W. Jones, The Traveller’s Directory, or a Pocket Companion: Shewing the Course of the Main Roads from Philadelphia to Washington, Philadelphia, 1802 description ends ).

78TJ’s dating of these mileage records should be accepted with caution as it can be misleading, if not read in conjunction with the regular 17 May to 19 June MB entries. See, for instance, the listing for 28 May, which gives the impression that TJ made his visit to the Hudson River cataracts on that day instead of 2 June.

79This was the Peebles homestead, Brookwood Manor, in present Halfmoon, Saratoga County, N.Y. (Gary F. Douglas, Village of Waterford Historian, to Editors, 27 July 1973).

80Mrs. Charles Hay kept an inn in a stone building known as the “King’s Store” near the shore of Lake Champlain in Ticonderoga (Papers, xx, 473 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ).

81New Ashford, Mass.

82 Hart’s tavern was in Patchogue, Long Island (Jean C. Lauer, Moriches Bay Historical Society, to Editors, 6 Dec. 1973).

83The floating bridge over the Schuylkill River was decorated for the Fourth of July celebrations at Gray’s Gardens, which TJ probably attended. The festivities, scheduled to continue from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., included music, transparent paintings, food and drink, and fireworks (Pennsylvania Journal, 29 June 1791).

84The trees are listed in TJ to William Prince, 6 July 1791, Prince’s statement, 8 Nov. 1791, and an undated TJ memorandum with proposed planting locations (DLC). Besides roses and ornamental and fruit trees, TJ’s order included sixty sugar maple trees with which he hoped to establish a productive sugarbush at Monticello. His New England trip had heightened his interest in promoting domestic production and even exportation of maple sugar in order to reduce importation of cane sugar. Abolitionist friends like Benjamin Rush thought cultivation of the sugar maple might bring West Indian slavery to an end, and TJ himself wrote: “What a blessing to substitute a sugar which requires only the labour of children, for that which it is said renders the slavery of the blacks necessary” (TJ to Benjamin Vaughan, 27 June 1790). In the printed version of his 1791 letter to TJ extolling the virtues of the sugar maple, Rush made the rather exaggerated claim that TJ “uses no other sugar in his family than that which is obtained from the sugar maple tree.” The one hundred pounds of unrefined maple sugar ordered from New York was not, however, for private consumption, but was meant to be a sample to encourage the planting of sugar maples among TJ’s Virginia neighbors (Letters of Benjamin Rush, ed. L. H. Butterfield [Princeton, N.J.], i, 599; TJ to George Washington, 1 May 1791, note; TJ to James Madison, 6 and 28 July 1791). Although his own sugar maples did not flourish at Monticello, TJ continued to advocate the planting of family “sugar orchards” in the same manner as apple orchards (TJ to C. P. de Lasteyrie, 15 July 1808).

85 Francis Childs and John Swaine were “Printers to the Congress of the U.S.” at 209 Market Street (Brown, Philadelphia Book Trade, p. 30 description begins H. Glenn Brown and Maude O. Brown, A Directory of the Book-Arts and Book Trade in Philadelphia to 1820, New York, 1950 description ends ).

86TJ had ordered for George Washington forty dozen bottles of still champagne from Monsieur Dorsay of Aÿ, at a total cost of l,680 livres (TJ to William Short, 12 Aug. 1790; “Th: Jefferson’s disbursements for the wines of the President,” 1790-1791, MHi).

87This is possibly William Ogden, a tavernkeeper at 222 South Second Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ). Here and at 23 Nov. 1791 TJ was probably paying for boarding young JWE during his spring and fall journeys to New England and Virginia.

88TJ had employed the lawyer William Barton (1754-1817), brother of Dr. Benjamin Smith Barton, to recover a debt owed to Dr. James Currie by John Tayloe Griffin. Barton’s office was at 112 Market Street (Madison, Papers, xii, 286 description begins The Papers of James Madison, ed. William T. Hutchinson and others, vols. 1-10, Chicago, 1962-1977, vols. 11-, Charlottesville, Va., 1977- description ends ; Henry Remsen, Jr., receipted statement of expenses, 8 July 1791, DLC; TJ to Currie, 10 July 1791; Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

89TJ crossed the Schuylkill River at the Market Street bridge to visit The Grange, John Ross’ country estate seven miles west of Philadelphia, near the point where the present city line meets the border between Montgomery and Delaware counties (Harold D. Eberlein and Horace M. Lippincott, The Colonial Homes of Philadelphia and its Neighborhood [Philadelphia, 1912], p. 158-66). At this time TJ was “much pleased” with his acquaintance with Ross: “He is a sensible merchant, an enemy to gambling and all tricks of finance” (TJ to James Madison, 18 Aug. 1791).

90 Tobias Lear (1762-1816) was George Washington’s private secretary from 1786 to 1793 (Diaries of George Washington, iv, 337-8 description begins The Diaries of George Washington, ed. Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, Charlottesville, Va., 1976-1979, 6 vols. description ends ). For the varieties and costs of the Bordeaux and Frontignan wines TJ ordered for the President in addition to the champagne of 7 July, see TJ to Joseph Fenwick, 6 Sep. 1790; Fenwick, Mason & Co. to TJ, 10 Feb., 29 Mch. 1791; and “Th: Jefferson’s disbursements for the wines of the President,” 1790-1791, MHi.

91A reluctant Adrien Petit had been persuaded to come from France to take up his old position as TJ’s maître d’hôtel, or “housekeeper,” as TJ now expressed it. He was a valued member of TJ’s household at a salary of $18.50 per month until 1794, when TJ retired to Monticello (TJ to William Short, 12 Mch. 1790; TJ to Petit, 25 Jan. 1791; Short to TJ, 18 Feb., 30 Mch. 1791; TJ to MJR, 8 May 1791).

92James Madison.

93At the Harrogate chalybeate springs four miles north of Philadelphia, near Frankford, George Esterly operated a popular pleasure garden and provided refreshments, fireworks, illuminations, and concerts (F. H. Shelton, “Springs and Spas of Old-Time Philadelphians,” PMHB, xlvii [1923], 214-17; H. D. Eberlein and C.V.D. Hubbard, “The American ‘Vauxhall’ of the Federal Era,” PMHB, lxviii [1944], 166).

94 John Swanwick (1740-1798) had joined Thomas Willing and Robert Morris’ mercantile and banking firm in 1783. In 1793 it was located at 21 Penn Street (Diaries of George Washington, v, 28 description begins The Diaries of George Washington, ed. Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, Charlottesville, Va., 1976-1979, 6 vols. description ends ; Phila. Dir. 1793 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

95 Pierre Guide, whom TJ had met in Nice in 1787, had recently arrived in Baltimore with a shipload of Mediterranean products. TJ had ordered three dozen bottles of red Nice wine to distribute “in the best houses” of Philadelphia as a sample of Guide’s merchandise (Guide to TJ, 28 Apr., 5 May 1791; TJ to Guide, 1 May, 21 July 1791).

96The clockmaker Henry Voigt (1738-1814), at 149 North Second Street, was another ingenious workman with whom TJ had dealings. He was associated with John Fitch in the construction of the steamboat and in 1793 was made chief coiner of the mint (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ; Fitch to TJ, 14 Apr. 1788; Prime, Arts & Crafts, p. 269-70 description begins The Arts & Crafts in Philadelphia, Maryland and South Carolina, ed. Alfred Coxe Prime, New York, 1969, 2 vols. description ends ; Bedini, Scientific Instruments, p. 62 description begins Silvio A. Bedini, Early American Scientific Instruments and Their Makers, Washington, D.C., 1964 description ends ; Bedini, Thinkers and Tinkers, p. 326-7 description begins Silvio A. Bedini, Thinkers and Tinkers: Early American Men of Science, New York, 1975 description ends ).

97Termo (see MB 2 Mch. 1791, note 23).

98 Thomas Palmer was a silk and stuff shoemaker at 74 Chestnut Street (Phila. Dir. 1791, 1793 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ),

99In a later design, TJ described a clockwork fan, operated by a weight, pendulum, and toothed barrel wheel, and planned for installation over the dining table at Monticello (Nichols, No. 171, p. 7 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Architectural Drawings, ed. Frederick D. Nichols, 4th ed., Charlottesville, Va., 1978 description ends ).

1TJ accompanied President Washington to Powelton, the farm just across Market Street bridge over the Schuylkill River in present West Philadelphia belonging to Washington’s friend and president of the Philadelphia agricultural society, Samuel Powel (1739-1793). There they viewed the operation of a machine which both threshed and winnowed the grain, producing six bushels of wheat per hour. Invented by Colonel Alexander Anderson of Philadelphia, it was apparently an independent development of the drum and beater type of threshing machine which originated in Scotland and became the standard model for many years (Washington to TJ, 21 Aug. 1791; MB 12 Dec. 1793; Arthur Young, Annals of Agriculture [London, 1792], xvii, 206-8; John Beale Bordley, Essays and Notes on Husbandry and Rural Affairs [Philadelphia, 1799], p. 586; Olive M. Gambrill, “John Beale Bordley and the Early Years of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society,” PMHB, lxvi [1942], 424).

2 Joseph Fenwick in Bordeaux and John Mason (1766-1849) in Georgetown were partners in the trading firm Fenwick, Mason & Co., which was dissolved in 1800. TJ ordered a shipment of Château Rausan Margaux identical to that for Henry Knox in the next entry (TJ to William Short and to Madame de Rausan, 1 Sept. 1791; Eberlein and Hubbard, Historic Houses of George-town, p. 54 description begins Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Cortlandt Van Dyke Hubbard, Historic Houses of George-town and Washington City, Richmond, 1958 description ends ).

3Philadelphia merchant John Vaughan (1756-1841), a brother of Benjamin Vaughan, was treasurer of the American Philosophical Society and later its librarian. Although a Federalist in politics, he and TJ always remained on friendly terms and TJ often called on Vaughan’s assistance with Philadelphia financial transactions (Wansey, Journal, p. 79 description begins Henry Wansey and His American Journal, ed. David John Jeremy, Philadelphia, 1970 description ends ).

4 George Bertault, an upholsterer from Paris, carried on his trade and sold French wallpaper and mirrors at 208 Market Street (Prime, Arts & Crafts, p. 216-17 description begins The Arts & Crafts in Philadelphia, Maryland and South Carolina, ed. Alfred Coxe Prime, New York, 1969, 2 vols. description ends ).

5This is the first of TJ’s several recorded purchases of an odometer, which was fixed to a vehicle to measure distances. The inexpensive instrument purchased here seems to have been a simple one which merely counted the revolutions of the phaeton’s wheel. Robert Leslie may have made, at TJ’s request, an odometer of the pendulum type described in TJ to Benjamin Vaughan, 23 July 1788. Two odometers which belonged to TJ are now at Monticello and the Franklin Institute.

6On their journey together to Montpelier, TJ and James Madison made an official stop in Georgetown, where they examined the area on horseback and conferred with the commissioners of the District of Columbia (TJ to commissioners, 28 Aug. 1791; TJ to George Washington, 8 Sep. 1791; Saul K. Padover, ed., Thomas Jefferson and the National Capital [Washington, D.C., 1946], p. 69-75).

7 John H. Barney kept a tavern on the west bank of the Susquehanna River in present Havre de Grace, Md., and later operated a stage line between Alexandria and Philadelphia (Diaries of George Washington, vi, 204 description begins The Diaries of George Washington, ed. Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, Charlottesville, Va., 1976-1979, 6 vols. description ends ; Washington Federalist, 16 June 1802).

8 James Webster kept a tavern at the head of Bird River just east of present White Marsh in Baltimore County, about thirteen miles from Baltimore (Traveller’s Directory, “Road from Philadelphia to Washington,” map 14 description begins S. S. Moore and T. W. Jones, The Traveller’s Directory, or a Pocket Companion: Shewing the Course of the Main Roads from Philadelphia to Washington, Philadelphia, 1802 description ends ; Baltimore County Minute Book, 1792-1797, p. 92, Hall of Records of Maryland, Annapolis; Diaries of George Washington, vi, 204, 237 description begins The Diaries of George Washington, ed. Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, Charlottesville, Va., 1976-1979, 6 vols. description ends ).

9 Spurrier’s tavern was about thirteen miles southwest of Baltimore near present Waterloo, Anne Arundel County, Md. (Traveller’s Directory, “Road from Philadelphia to Washington,” map 18 description begins S. S. Moore and T. W. Jones, The Traveller’s Directory, or a Pocket Companion: Shewing the Course of the Main Roads from Philadelphia to Washington, Philadelphia, 1802 description ends ; Diaries of George Washington, vi, 205, 238 description begins The Diaries of George Washington, ed. Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, Charlottesville, Va., 1976-1979, 6 vols. description ends ).

10 Barnett’s tavern was just outside present Auburn, Fauquier County, about seven miles east of Warrenton (Scheel, Map of Fauquier County description begins Historical map, Fauquier County, surveyed and drawn by Eugene M. Scheel, Washington, D.C., 1974 description ends ).

11Germantown was a settlement about nine miles southeast of Warrenton just north of present Midland, Fauquier County, Va. (Scheel, Map of Fauquier County description begins Historical map, Fauquier County, surveyed and drawn by Eugene M. Scheel, Washington, D.C., 1974 description ends ).

12 Norman’s ford crossed the Rappahannock River between Fauquier and Culpeper counties about two miles south of present Remington, Fauquier County (Böÿe, Map of Virginia description begins Herman Böÿe, Map of the State of Virginia, 1825, corrected 1859, repr. in E. M. Sanchez-Saavedra, A Description of the Country: Virginia Cartographers and Their Maps, 1607-1881, Richmond, 1975 description ends ).

13From this time on, when travelling to Philadelphia or Washington, TJ generally stayed with John Strode at his home, Fleetwood, just east of present Brandy Station, Culpeper County (Raleigh T. Green, Genealogical and Historical Notes on Culpeper County, Virginia [Baltimore, 1978], pt. 2, p. 137; Madison, Papers, xii, 248 description begins The Papers of James Madison, ed. William T. Hutchinson and others, vols. 1-10, Chicago, 1962-1977, vols. 11-, Charlottesville, Va., 1977- description ends ).

14 Adams’ mill was on the Rapidan River in Orange County, about two miles east of present Rapidan in Culpeper County (Scheel, Map of Culpeper County description begins Historical map, Culpeper County, surveyed and drawn by Eugene M. Scheel, Washington, D.C., 1975 description ends ).

15TJ was travelling along the western flank of the Southwestern Mountains on present State Route 20, which is intersected by the Turkey Sag Road (present Albemarle County Route 640) about two miles northeast of Stony Point (G. Peyton, A Map of Albemarle County, Virginia [1875, repr. Albemarle County Historical Society, 1971]).

16This entry was written in the left margin alongside the 3-6 Sep. portion of the itinerary.

17 Tom Shackleford carried TJ’s letter of 21 Sep. 1791 to James Wilson, who lived in Buckingham County, asking for a settlement of accounts between them. Wilson had been employed to collect bonds and outstanding miscellaneous accounts for TJ (TJ to Wilson, 6 Oct. 1791; “Memo. of accounts delivered James Wilson to Collect for Th: Jefferson,” undated, MHi).

18TJ and his daughter Maria were joined by James Madison at Montpelier for the return to Philadelphia. Leaving Maria at Mount Vernon to complete the journey with Martha Washington, TJ and Madison went on to Georgetown to attend on 17 Oct. the first sale of lots in the future seat of government (TJ to TMR, 25 Oct. 1791).

19TJ probably paid James Oeller when subscribing to the Philadelphia Dancing Assembly and Alexander Reinagle and J. C. Moller’s City Concert series for 1791-92, as both were held at Oeller’s Hotel in Chestnut Street. The first ball was scheduled for 10 Nov. and the first concert, which included compositions by Moller, Wenzel Pichl, and Carl Stamitz, took place on 19 Nov. (Philadelphia General Advertiser, 28 Oct., 19 Nov. 1791).

20This mantel clock, its works supported by two black marble obelisks, was made at TJ’s direction by Louis Chantrot of Paris and cost 360 livres. It now stands, as it did in TJ’s lifetime, on a bracket at the foot of his alcove bed at Monticello (Papers, xvi, xxxiii, illustration between p. 52-3 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ; “Monticello-Plan of First Floor,” c. 1826 by Cornelia J. Randolph, ViU; TJ account with William Short, DLC: Short Papers, ix, 1605).

21TJ had placed his daughter Maria in the boarding school run by Mary Pine, widow of the painter Robert Edge Pine, at her house on the east side of Eighth Street between Market and Arch streets. Here, in addition to the usual subjects, Maria was taught needlework, French, drawing, music, and dancing. As she was just around the corner from TJ’s house and office, she was able to visit her father daily. She left the school on 31 May 1792, when Mrs. Pine and her daughters were preparing to return to England (TJ to MJR, 13 Nov. 1791, 11 May 1792; TJ to TMR, 1 June 1792; Robert G. Stewart, Robert Edge Pine [Washington, D.C., 1979], p. 25-6, 35-7).

22 James Kerr was a coachmaker at 297 Market Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

23 John and Narlbro Frazier were merchants at 113 South Front Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

24 Elizabeth Smart had a millinery shop at 17 North Third Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

25Francis Eppes bought this Maltese jennet for TJ from a Mrs. Bolling. TJ wished it immediately put to a purebred jack, so that he could obtain a Maltese jack of his own (Eppes to TJ, 24 Oct. 1791; TJ to Eppes, 13 Nov. 1791).

26TJ’s first bond for £500 sterling for the repayment of the Wayles debt to Farell & Jones had been assigned to London merchant John Dobson, who also held the protested bill of 1773 for £300 sterling to Jacob Faulcon & Co. TJ did not make final payment on these two debts to Dobson until 1796 (TJ to Dobson, 4 and 5 Dec. 1791; MB 3 Dec. 1773, 6 Mch. 1790, 12 June 1792, 22 May 1796).

27 George Brining was a blacksmith at 269 Market Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

28 William Poyntell was a wallpaper manufacturer and stationer at 21 South Second Street (Philadelphia General Advertiser, 11 Apr. 1791; Prime, Arts & Crafts, p. 282-5 description begins The Arts & Crafts in Philadelphia, Maryland and South Carolina, ed. Alfred Coxe Prime, New York, 1969, 2 vols. description ends ).

29 Thomas Carstairs made for TJ four “corner paper presses” and ten sections of bookshelves, “great and small,” like those bought from William Long early in the year (TJ to James Wilson, 17 Apr. 1793; MB 11 Jan. 1791).

30 Cornelius Schenck (d. 1810) and Peter Lott (d. 1803) were Charlottesville merchants, chiefly of groceries (Woods, Albemarle, p. 311 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ; TJ to John Barnes, 13 Nov. 1796).

31 John Guest, Jr., was a dry goods merchant at 30 South Second Street (Phila. Dir. 1791 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

32For an explanation of TJ’s method of keeping his weather notes see MB end 1790, note 2.

33TJ refers to the Northern Flicker, Colaptes auratus.

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