37. These millstones, quarried in western Albemarle County from outcroppings of what is now called Crozet granite, were purchased for a new grist mill TJ was constructing on the Rivanna River at the foot of Monticello mountain near the mouth of Meadow Branch (TJ to Charles Yancey, 11 Oct. 1812; Woods, Albemarle, p. 358). Here TJ planned a complex millworks in which one water wheel operated the grist mill, a sawmill, and a threshing machine. It is doubtful if the grist mill, which TJ considered using for grinding gypsum plaster for toll, was ever completed. The sawmill, which at one point had a hominy beater and a hemp brake attached to its works, operated intermittently from its completion in the summer of 1813. The threshing machine, with the barn which contained it, was apparently also finished, but the operation of all the machinery was hindered by an insufficient water supply. A canal bringing additional water from the Rivanna was not completed until 1819 (Farm Book, p. 107 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Farm Book,” 1774-1826. Reproduced in facsimile in Betts, Farm Book. MHi description ends ; TJ diagram of site, Nichols, No. 487 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Architectural Drawings, ed. Frederick D. Nichols, 4th ed., Charlottesville, Va., 1978 description ends ; TJ to Charles W. Peale, 21 Mch. 1815; TJ to Edmund Bacon, 11 Aug. 1819; TJ to John H. Peyton, 17 Dec. 1819).

38.  Richard Durrett worked for TJ as a carpenter, at an annual wage of £40, until August (Agreement with Durrett, 28 Oct. 1812, printed in Bear, Jefferson at Monticello, p. 82 description begins Jefferson at Monticello, ed. James A. Bear, Jr., Charlottesville, Va., 1967 description ends ).

39.  James was sent to Culpeper County to get from William Champe Carter a certificate of acknowledgement of Carter’s deed to William Short of the Indian Camp tract sold to David Higginbotham (MB 10 Feb. 1813; TJ to Carter, 16, 19 Jan. 1813).

40. Several grades of flour were produced from TJ’s wheat at the Shadwell manufacturing mill—superfine, fine, middlings, shipstuff, and bran. The three former were sent to Richmond for sale and the two latter, the “offal” of the milling process, were used by TJ for stock feed. Shipstuff was fed to horses and mules and bran to hogs and cattle (Farm Book, p. 143, 149, 163, 171 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Farm Book,” 1774-1826. Reproduced in facsimile in Betts, Farm Book. MHi description ends ).

41. A number of Milton residents purchased the right to cut firewood on TJ’s land behind the town (Bear, Jefferson at Monticello description begins Jefferson at Monticello, ed. James A. Bear, Jr., Charlottesville, Va., 1967 description ends , p. 80-1; blank contract, 1 Oct. 1812-1 Oct. 1813, ViU).

42.  Seth Burnley (d. 1857) was TJ’s overseer in 1813 for the Tufton farm (Woods, Albemarle, p. 157 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ).

43. TJ had arranged the sale to David Higginbotham of William Short’s Indian Camp tract four miles south of Monticello (MB 1 Aug. 1796; AlCDB, xviii, 267 description begins Albemarle County Deed Books, Albemarle County Courthouse, Charlottesville, Va. description ends ). By this transaction TJ’s store debt of over $10,000 to Higginbotham was transferred to Short, whom he repaid after the sale of his library in 1815 (MB 29 Apr. 1815; Malone, Jefferson, vi, 508-9 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ).

44. Finding his hand carders could not keep up with his spinners, TJ had ordered a hand-operated machine for carding cotton from Jacob Alrichs in Wilmington, Del. (TJ to Alrichs, 10 Aug. 1812; Betts, Farm Book, p. 480-4 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Princeton, N.J., 1953 description ends ; William A. Burwell to TJ, 13 Mch. 1813).

45. TJ’s slave Barnaby (b. 1783), son of Ned and Jenny, was a Monticello cooper.

46. TJ had sold his 1812 Poplar Forest crop to Samuel J. Harrison for $6 per hundredweight for leaf tobacco and $4 for stemmed tobacco (Harrison to TJ, 17 Jan. 1813; TJ to Harrison, 31 Jan. 1813).

47. TJ’s slave Esther (b. 1795), daughter of Bagwell and Minerva, lived on the Tufton farm.

48. The canal for TJ’s sawmill (see note 37 above).

49. This was the road along the north bank of the Rivanna River from Secretary’s ford to North Milton (MB 1 Oct. 1817).

50. TJ’s slave James, probably James (b. 1772), was in charge of carts taking Maria, the newly trained spinner, and two spinning jennies to Poplar Forest (TJ to Jeremiah Goodman, 5 Mch. 1813).

51. The response of Sally (b. 1798), daughter of Hanah, to previous training as a weaver in Albemarle County, had caused TJ to remark that he had never seen “so hopeless a subject” (TJ to Jeremiah Goodman, 5 Mch. 1813).

52. While directing his grandson TJR’s mathematical studies in 1811, TJ took great delight in “rubbing off the rust” on his own knowledge of the subject. This renewed interest, plus his chagrin at not having a suitable timepiece for observation of the annular eclipse of Sep. 1811, prompted TJ to complete his fine collection of astronomical instruments by the acquisition of an astronomical clock. Made by Henry Voigt’s son Thomas, the clock was completed by the end of 1812, but the war delayed its arrival at Monticello until Dec. 1815 (TJ to William Lambert, 29 Dec. 1811; TJ to Robert Patterson, 21 Mch., 11 Sep., 10 Nov. 1811; Patterson to TJ, 11 Nov. 1811, 30 Nov. 1812, 12 Jan. 1813; TJ to Voigt, 9 Apr. 1813; MB 27 Dec. 1815). This clock is now at PHi.

53.  James (b. 1796), son of Ned and Jenny, made an unsuccessful trip to the James River at Snowden and Warren to procure living carp for the Tufton fishpond (TJ to RJ, 25 May 1813; RJ to TJ, 26 May, 21 June 1813).

54. “Assumed to”?

55. TJ’s wool was sent to Judge Hugh Holmes in Winchester to be made into cloth at the Front Royal manufactory of Cyrus B. Baldwin. TJ, who had requested navy blue cloth, received in 1814 ten yards of black cloth at a cost of $40 (TJ to Holmes, 21 July 1813; Holmes to TJ, 17 May, 17 Nov. 1813, 10 July 1814; Baldwin to Holmes, 12 Nov. 1813; Farm Book, p. 116 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Farm Book,” 1774-1826. Reproduced in facsimile in Betts, Farm Book. MHi description ends ; MB 20 July 1813, 13 Sep. 1814).

56.  John Brown built TJ’s sawmill (see note 37 above; TJ to Brown, 25 Apr. 1813).

57. From a mold made by Reuben Perry, TJ had seven firebacks for Poplar Forest cast at David Ross’ Oxford Iron Works in Campbell County (TJ to Robert Richardson, 10 Dec. 1812; TJ to David Ross, 1 Aug. 1813).

58.  Tunis Wortman established the semiweekly Standard of Union in New York in Oct. 1813; it ceased publication in May 1814. In this case TJ made an exception to his rule of not subscribing to new newspapers. He wished to support the venture because he thought Wortman’s editorial principles might help redeem American newspapers from the “abandoned spirit of falsehood” which pervaded them at this time (Brigham, History, i, 694 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ; TJ to Wortman, 15 Aug. 1813).

59.  Rolin Goodman worked as a carpenter at Monticello until 1817.

60. TJ’s neighbor Robert B. Sthreshly lived from 1812 to 1816 at Mooresbrook about a mile west of Monticello (AlCDB, xviii, 215, xx, 122 description begins Albemarle County Deed Books, Albemarle County Courthouse, Charlottesville, Va. description ends ).

61. After Samuel Harrison Smith’s retirement in 1810, the triweekly National Intelligencer was published by Joseph Gales, Jr., who was joined by William W. Seaton in 1812. This Republican newspaper, to which TJ had subscribed since its establishment in 1800, was one of only two or three newspapers which he regularly read after he left the presidency (Brigham, History, i, 103-4 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ; TJ to Tunis Wortman, 15 Aug. 1813).

62.  Hezekiah Niles had established his Weekly Register in Baltimore in 1811. This nonpartisan magazine, which was noted for its reliable reporting of the events of the War of 1812, survived until 1849 (Mott, American Magazines, p. 268-70 description begins Frank L. Mott, A History of American Magazines, 1741-1850, New York, 1930, 2 vols. description ends ).

63.  James Barbour’s brother Philip Pendleton Barbour (1783-1841) was at this time a practicing attorney and member of the House of Delegates from Orange County.

64. Staunton attorney and state senator Chapman Johnson (1779-1849) later represented TJ in his litigation with the Rivanna Navigation Company and was a longtime member of the Board of Visitors of the University of Virginia.

65. Francis Eppes and his cousin John Wayles Baker, son of Martha Bolling Eppes and Jerman Baker, attended a school in Lynchburg in 1813 and 1814. They generally spent the weekends at Poplar Forest when TJ was in residence (TJ to Eppes, 28 Aug., 26 Nov. 1813, 9 Sep. 1814).