33. On New Year’s Day 1802 Baptist clergyman John Leland (1754-1841) had presented this “Mammoth cheese” to TJ on behalf of the citizens of Cheshire, Mass. This “ebullition of the passion of republicanism,” as TJ called it, occupied the East Room of the President’s House for at least two years. TJ’s payment to Elder Leland was made in accordance with his policy of not accepting gifts while in public office (TJ to TMR, 1 Jan. 1802; Malone, Jefferson, iv, 107-8 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ).

34. Although TJ deleted this entry, this transaction was in fact completed (TJ to John Barnes, 4 Jan. 1802; Barnes account with TJ, 4 Jan. 1802, CSmH).

35. When forwarding currency bills by post, TJ, “for greater security,” cut them in half, wrapped them in waterproof paper, and mailed each set of halves on different days (TJ to George Jefferson, 7, 8 Jan., 5, 6 Oct. 1802; TJ to James Taylor, 7, 8 Jan. 1802; TJ to Thomas Newton, 7 May 1801).

36. Above “Bonduron” TJ later wrote “Burnley,” the correct recipient of the payment (TJ to William Wardlaw, 30 Jan. 1802).

37.  Henry Dearborn (1751-1829) of Massachusetts served as TJ’s Secretary of War from 1801 to 1809.

38. The tailor Thomas Carpenter had shops on Capitol Hill and near the President’s House (Washington Federalist, 11 Dec. 1801). This bill included the cost of making five suits of servants’ livery and three coats and a pair of breeches for TJ. One of the coats was made of a waterproof cloth about which TJ wrote enthusiastically to TMR on 1 Jan. 1802 (Carpenter receipted invoice, 16 Jan. 1802, ViU). Many of Carpenter’s invoices, which reveal the articles and materials in TJ’s wardrobe in his presidential years, survive in ViU and MHi.

39.  William Dunnington was a destitute Revolutionary soldier (Dunnington to TJ, 19 Jan. 1802).

40. In late 1801 Philadelphia printer William Duane had opened the Apollo Press and Aurora Book Store at the corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Sixth Street, N. W., in Washington (Bryan, National Capital, i, 435 description begins Wilhelmus B. Bryan, A History of the National Capital, New York, 1914-16, 2 vols. description ends ; Bryan, “Hotels,” p. 95). Duane’s invoices for the years of TJ’s residence in Washington, itemizing TJ’s purchases of books, stationery, dinner invitations, and miscellaneous items, are in CSmH and DLC.

41. TJ bought two copies of David Austin’s collected discourses, The National “Barley Cake,” or, the “Rock of Offence” into a “Glorious Holy Mountain” (Washington, 1802; Sowerby, No. 1668 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

42. TJ paid for a pipe of Pedro Ximénes sherry, a quarter cask of Rota Tent sherry and the tierce of Lágrima Málaga wine, all received in 1801 (Josef Yznardy to TJ, 15 Jan. 1802; TJ wine list, MB end 1803).

43. “Nothing is more desired generally than fine Hughes’ crab cyder” wrote TJ when ordering a year’s supply—ten barrels for Washington and four for Monticello (TJ to Thomas Newton, 9 Nov. 1801; MB 24 Jan. 1802). The Hewes crabapple is a variety of Virginia origin and was grown by TJ at Monticello for cider production. His favorite cider apple, however, was another Virginia variety called variously Taliaferro or Robinson’s, and now apparently lost to cultivation (A. J. Downing, The Fruits and Fruit-trees of America [New York, 1900], p. 214-15; TJ to James Maxwell, 16 Dec. 1790; TJ to James Mease, 29 June 1814; TJ to Ellen Coolidge, 19 Mch. 1826).

44. Correctly $1.40. TJ probably divided into $89.27 in error.

45.  Charles Willson Peale’s nephew and adopted son Charles Peale Polk (1767-1822), unsuccessful in his profession as an artist and in his search for a subordinate post in the new government, had applied to TJ for “pecuniary aid” to relieve “the extreme distress” of his family (Polk to TJ, 28 Feb. 1802). Polk had painted TJ’s portrait at Monticello in Nov. 1799 (Bush, Life Portraits, p. 50-53 description begins Alfred L. Bush, “The Life Portraits of Thomas Jefferson,” Jefferson and the Arts: An Extended View, ed. William Howard Adams, Washington, D.C., 1976 description ends ).

46. Here and in the four following weekly household accounts TJ added the average per dinner cost of the butcher’s meat paid for 26 Apr. 1802.

47. Ardent Republican Luther Pratt published only a few numbers of his political periodical, the Connecticut Republican Magazine. This Suffield, Conn., publication first appeared in July 1802 ( American Periodicals 1741-1900: An Index to the Microfilm Collections, ed. Jean Hoornstra and Trudy Heath [Ann Arbor, Mich., 1979], p. 69).

48. In 1801 TJ had bought from Conrad Hanse of Philadelphia “a new plain, well finished chariot, with plated harness for 4 horses” for $1,200. TJ apparently rarely used this fine equipage, which was brought into service when his family visited him at the capital. He sold it for $500 when leaving Washington in 1809 (Hanse invoice, 29 Aug. 1801, DLC; Malone, Jefferson, iv, 41; MB 10 Mch. 1809).

49. An absent-minded transcription error for $33,634.84.

50. TJ paid for a pipe of dry Pajarete and a pipe and two half-pipes of three kinds of sherry. He became so attached to the “white” or “pale” sherry that he ordered an annual pipe of it to avoid “a privation which I shall feel sensibly once a day” (Yznardy to TJ, 4, 12 Feb. 1802; TJ to Yznardy, 10 May 1803; TJ wine list, MB end 1803).

51. TJ was paying for 360 bottles of sauternes received in Nov. 1801 (TJ wine list, MB end 1803).

52. The “Allegany Turnpike Road” was a joint Virginia-Maryland project to provide communication between Westernport, Allegany County, Md., on the Potomac River and the “nearest western navigation” (Samuel Shepherd, ed., The Statutes at Large of Virginia [Richmond, 1835], ii, 249-54, 387-8).

53. This was TJ’s former gardener Robert Bailey, who was at this time a market gardener in the Washington area (TJ to Bailey, 21 Mch. 1802).

54. In 1804 Episcopal minister Thomas Davis published in Alexandria a two-volume collection of British poetry entitled Miscellaneous Poetry (Sabin, No. 6128).

55.  Peter Lenox (1771-1832), originally of Williamsburg, was construction foreman and later clerk of the works at the President’s House and in 1817 was appointed clerk of the works at the Capitol (I. T. Frary, They Built the Capitol [Richmond, 1940], p. 159-61). Lenox had provided a frame for the “mammoth” cheese (Lenox receipted invoice, 20 Jan. 1802, CSmH; MB 7, 17 June 1802).

56. Correctly £8–14.

57. The First Baptist Church was erected in the fall of 1802 at 19th and I streets, N.W. William Parkinson, a chaplain of the House of Representatives, was its pastor (Bryan, National Capital, i, 408-9 description begins Wilhelmus B. Bryan, A History of the National Capital, New York, 1914-16, 2 vols. description ends ). TJ’s order, receipted 13 Apr. 1802 by Charles Peale Polk, is in MHi.

58. The Baltimore American was a Republican daily newspaper established by Alexander Martin in 1799. Through much of the period of TJ’s subscription William Pechin was its publisher (Brigham, History, i, 223-5 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ).

59.  Samuel Stanhope Smith (1750-1819) was president of the College of New Jersey at Princeton. Nassau Hall had been destroyed by fire in March (John Maclean, History of the College of New Jersey [Philadelphia, 1877], p. 32-40).

60.  The Political Writings of John Dickinson (Wilmington, Del., 1801; Sowerby, No. 3055 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

61. TJ examined one of the early American attempts at gaslighting. Benjamin Henfrey, a mining engineer in Baltimore who had obtained a patent for his use of coal gas for lighting, had installed his “Thermo Lamps” in a house on Pennsylvania Avenue, where they were on display in the evenings from 12 to 25 Apr. for an entrance fee of fifty cents (Washington Federalist, 21 Apr. 1802; Bryan, National Capital, ii, 15 description begins Wilhelmus B. Bryan, A History of the National Capital, New York, 1914-16, 2 vols. description ends ; Henfrey to TJ, 19 Dec. 1801).

62. The Ravensworth tract, originally a 21,996-acre grant to William Fitzhugh in 1694, formed a triangle with the approximate corners of present Fairfax, Falls Church, and Newington, Fairfax County. At this time its southern half was owned by TJ’s old friend William Fitzhugh (1741-1809). The northern half was divided among five sons of Henry Fitzhugh (1723-1783), with two of whom, Nicholas and Richard, TJ occasionally stayed overnight on his journeys between Washington and Monticello (Nan Netherton et al., Fairfax County, Virginia: A History [Fairfax, Va., 1978], p. 161-3). A TJ manuscript map places Richard Lane’s ordinary on the western boundary of the Ravensworth tract, about four miles southwest of the point where Braddock Road crosses Accotink Creek (DLC: 41695; Fairfax County Personal Property Tax List, 1801-1803, Vi).

63. French emigré Peter Legaux (d. 1827), one of the most active champions of the cultivation of the wine grape in America, had established a vineyard at Spring Mill near Philadelphia. He had sent TJ a selection of European varietals and some vines of a variety which he promoted as the Cape of Good Hope grape, but which is now recognized to have been the Alexander grape, an offshoot of the native Vitis labrusca. Giannini planted these vines in the southwest vineyard at Monticello (Betts, Garden Book, p. 277 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Philadelphia, 1944 description ends ; TJ to Legaux, 24 Mch. 1801; L. H. Bailey, Sketch of the Evolution of our Native Fruits [London, 1898], p. 19, 42-8; Wansey, Journal, p. 40 description begins Henry Wansey and His American Journal, ed. David John Jeremy, Philadelphia, 1970 description ends ).

64. The stonemason William Maddox worked with Joseph Moran on the nailery and the L-shaped wings of the Monticello house. From 1806 to 1808 he laid stone for TJ’s Shadwell mills and the Monticello stable.

65. The plasterer Martin Wanscher’s invoice, partially itemized, from 15 Aug. 1801 to 29 Apr. 1802, dated 3 May 1802, is in ViU.

66. This phrase, which TJ added after making the original entry, referred to the $46.45 from Richard Shackleford.

67. TJ here made a transcription error; a figure of £27–10–8 would accord with the column and conversion totals.

68. In Aug. 1802 Samuel Morse (d. 1805) and James Lyon established the weekly Georgia Republican in Savannah. TJ subscribed to this newspaper until 1809 (Sowerby, No. 557 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ; Brigham, History, i, 128 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ; Morse to TJ, 4, 26 Feb. 1802).

69. Correctly 18,579; TJ mistakenly transcribed a total with the overseer’s share already subtracted.

70. Alexander’s Island in the Potomac River opposite Washington is now part of the greatly altered Virginia shoreline of Columbia Island and the Fort Myer and Pentagon area.

71.  Caesar A. Rodney had solicited this contribution to the Wilmington Academy in Wilmington, Del. (Rodney to TJ, 19 Dec. 1802, 7 Jan. 1803; TJ to Rodney, 31 Dec. 1802; Anna T. Lincoln, Wilmington, Delaware: Three Centuries under Four Flags [Rutland, Vt., 1937], p. 322-3).

72.  George Blount was a saddle and harness maker near the corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Fifteenth Street (Washington Federalist, 30 Mch. 1803).

73. TJ probably went to see the dredging machine which was attempting to clear the Potomac River channel (see MB 25 Oct. 1802).

74.  The Olio was a weekly newspaper published in Georgetown by Benjamin Parks from 1 July 1802 to Sep. 1803 (Brigham, History, i, 93-4 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ). Declaring itself “unequivocably Federal” in politics in its first issue, it hoped to provide “a greater diversity of matter” than the other Washington newspapers, which contained almost exclusively political news.

75.  Wilson Bryan’s itemized invoice, 20 July 1802, does not reveal the nature of the model he made for TJ (CSmH).

76. After crossing the Potomac River just below the Little Falls at a bridge built in 1797 at the future site of the chain bridge, TJ travelled up the Virginia riverbank to the Great Falls, where he probably viewed the ambitious civil engineering works of the Potomac Company. The 1,200-yard canal around the falls and its five stone locks were nearing completion. The next day TJ went on to Loudoun County, where he stayed with Senator Stevens Thomson Mason at Raspberry Plain north of Leesburg (Bryan, National Capital, i, 243, 491-2 description begins Wilhelmus B. Bryan, A History of the National Capital, New York, 1914-16, 2 vols. description ends ; Alexander C. Brown, “America’s Greatest Eighteenth Century Engineering Achievement,” Virginia Cavalcade, xii [1963], 40-7; Harrison Williams, Legends of Loudoun [Richmond, 1938], p. 170-1).

77. Correctly $29.034.

78.  Jerry (b. 1777), the son of Squire and Belinda, was a slave wagoner at Monticello.

79. The slave Wormley (1781-c. 1858), son of Bett or Betty Brown, was a gardener at Monticello. He and Ursula (b. 1787) had five children.

80.  Burgess Griffin was overseer at Poplar Forest from 1801 to 1811.

81.  Michael Hope was a stonemason at Monticello from 1802 to 1805. Besides the flagging paid for here, possibly the slate floor for the subterranean passageway at Monticello, Hope laid stone in the two Shadwell mills, the kitchen, a barn, a workman’s house, and a tenant’s house.

82. Milton merchant Martin Dawson (1772-1835), who had succeeded David Higginbotham as factor for Brown, Rives & Co., was known as a man of honesty and public spirit, with a particular interest in public education (Woods, Albemarle, p. 177-8 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ; Bruce, University of Virginia, ii, 389-95 description begins Philip A. Bruce, History of the University of Virginia, 1819-1919, New York, 1920-1922, 5 vols. description ends ).

83. Correctly $11.46.

84.  Gideon Fitz, who did rough carpentry at Monticello in 1802 and 1803, was apparently a young man of promise whose education TJ assisted (TJ to James Dinsmore, 22 June, 1 Dec. 1802; Fitz to TJ, 31 Mch. 1803).

85. From Benjamin Brown, who owned nearby Mooresbrook, and Thomas Wells, Jr., TJ bought two contiguous parcels of 61¼ and 40 acres on the northern slopes of Montalto bordering his own holdings. He gave these parcels, for which he paid £85–15 and £40, to his granddaughter Anne Cary Bankhead in 1815 (AlCDB, i, 165-7, xix, 322-4 description begins Albemarle County Deed Books, Albemarle County Courthouse, Charlottesville, Va. description ends ; TJ plats, Nichols, Nos. 518-19).

86. This may have been the date on which TJ and several of his heads of department crossed and recrossed the Anacostia River in a boat propelled by a “duck-foot paddle” devised by clerk and inventor Richard Claiborne. Secretary of War Henry Dearborn operated the mechanism for part of the journey. After this demonstration the passengers presented Claiborne with a certificate citing the potential utility of his invention and subscribed their financial support (Claiborne to John Stevens, 18 May 1811, NjHi; Claiborne to TJ, 22 Aug., 12 Dec. 1802, 4 July 1817).

87. This charity conveyed through Daniel C. Brent, U.S. marshal of the District of Columbia from 1801 to 1808, effected the release from prison of Joseph Parsons, a New Hampshire seaman who had been confined for a small debt (Bryan, National Capital, i, 411, 572 description begins Wilhelmus B. Bryan, A History of the National Capital, New York, 1914-16, 2 vols. description ends ; Parsons to TJ, 10, 12, 18 Oct. 1802).

88.  George Blagden (d. 1826) was superintendent of stonework and quarrying at the Capitol from 1794 until his accidental death on the site (I. T. Frary, They Built the Capitol [Richmond, 1940], p. 161-2).

89.  Thomas Munroe was both postmaster and superintendent of the city of Washington (Bryan, National Capital, i, 345-6 description begins Wilhelmus B. Bryan, A History of the National Capital, New York, 1914-16, 2 vols. description ends ).

90. TJ’s two daughters, with MJR’s children Thomas Jefferson and Ellen, arrived in Washington for their long-awaited first visit on 21 Nov. and remained until 5 Jan. 1803. Meriwether Lewis was sent to meet them at John Strode’s house in Culpeper County, to which point JWE had escorted them (MB 16, 21, 22 Nov. 1802; Malone, Jefferson, iv, 170-4 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ).

91.  Stephen B. Balch was minister of the Presbyterian church on Bridge (now M) Street, Georgetown (Richard P. Jackson, Chronicles of Georgetown, D.C. from 1751 to 1878 [Washington, D.C. 1878], p. 145).

92.  Matthew C. Groves of Boston had invented a new method of determining longitude (Groves to TJ, 2 Aug. 1802; Bedini, Thinkers and Tinkers, p. 351-2 description begins Silvio A. Bedini, Thinkers and Tinkers: Early American Men of Science, New York, 1975 description ends ).

93. The use of a dredging machine to remove the sand bar below Analostan Island was only one of a number of projects undertaken by the citizens of Georgetown to clear the Potomac River channel. John Oakley was collector for the port of Georgetown (Bryan, National Capital, i, 411, 496 description begins Wilhelmus B. Bryan, A History of the National Capital, New York, 1914-16, 2 vols. description ends ; MB 13 July 1802, 10 Oct. 1805).

94. TJ’s niece Mary Jefferson (Polly) Carr was the daughter of Martha Jefferson and Dabney Carr.

95. Boston teacher and inventor Benjamin Dearborn (1754-1838) may have personally demonstrated for TJ the “statistical correctness” of the principles of his patented “Vibrating Steelyard.” TJ probably bought a small version of the large steelyard described by Dearborn in The Patent Balance Compared with Other Instruments for Weighing (Philadelphia, 1803); one suitable for use in markets and custom houses cost $71.66 (Dearborn to TJ, 8 Nov. 1802; MB 11 Feb. 1808).

96.  Dolley Madison had procured these wigs for the city visit of TJ’s daughters through local milliner Marie Ann Pic (MJR to TJ, 29 Oct. 1802; Washington National Intelligencer, 22 Dec. 1802).

97. TJ subscribed to the construction of the Western Market, opened in Dec. 1802 at the site bounded by Pennsylvania Avenue and I, Twentieth, and Twenty-first streets, N.W. (TJ proclamation, 10 Nov. 1802; Bryan, National Capital, i, 486-7 description begins Wilhelmus B. Bryan, A History of the National Capital, New York, 1914-16, 2 vols. description ends ).

98. TJ attended the first two days of the extremely popular annual meetings of the Washington Jockey Club. The horseraces in 1802 were still held on an oval track just west of the President’s House. The following year the event was moved to a track on the site of present Columbia Road between Fourteenth and Sixteenth streets (Bryan, National Capital, i, 609-10 description begins Wilhelmus B. Bryan, A History of the National Capital, New York, 1914-16, 2 vols. description ends ; Eberlein and Hubbard, Historic Houses of George-town, p. 306-10 description begins Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Cortlandt Van Dyke Hubbard, Historic Houses of George-town and Washington City, Richmond, 1958 description ends ).

1. TJ’s grandson and namesake, ten-year-old Thomas Jefferson Randolph (1792-1875), second child of MJR and TMR, was visiting Washington with his mother. Some of his childhood memories of life in the President’s House are recorded in his memoirs (ViU). For biographical information, see Monticello Association Papers, p. 76-88, and Vance, “TJR.” description begins Collected Papers to Commemorate Fifty Years of the Monticello Association of Descendants of Thomas Jefferson, ed. George Green Shackelford, Princeton, N.J., 1965 description ends