9. Correctly $.956 (see MB 27 Oct. 1807, note 33).

10.  James Lewis had acquired by deed of trust John Henderson’s landholdings in and around Milton. For $750 Craven Peyton had purchased for TJ Lewis’ rights, which included the disputed mill sites (AlCDB, xv, 536-8, xvi, 545 description begins Albemarle County Deed Books, Albemarle County Courthouse, Charlottesville, Va. description ends ).

11. These five and one half yards of “narrow superfine black cloth,” of merino wool, were made in the Connecticut mill belonging to TJ’s old associate David Humphreys. In ordering the cloth through Republican Abraham Bishop (1763-1844), collector of the port of New Haven, TJ wrote that “homespun is become the spirit of the times” and “it is a duty to encourage it by example.” He had the cloth made into the coat he wore at the New Year’s Day reception (Bishop to TJ, 14 Dec. 1808; TJ to Bishop, 13 Nov., 8 Dec. 1808; TJ to Humphreys, 20 Jan. 1809; Malone, Jefferson, v, 629 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ).

12. TJ paid Peter Kuhn, Jr., in Genoa for the worthless shipment of Nebbiolo wine received in 1806 and for three kegs, which furnished 134 bottles, received in Dec. 1807 (MB 5 Nov. 1806; TJ wine list, MB end 1803; Kuhn to TJ, 9 Dec. 1808).

13. On 24 Dec. 1808 TJ had written to George Jefferson for aid in transferring his financial obligations from the Washington banks to that at Richmond. Much to TJ’s relief Abraham Venable (1758-1811), president of the Bank of Virginia, arranged this private loan, which TJ much preferred to a bank loan. Mrs. Tabb, however, called for her money after a year and the loan was transferred to the Bank of Virginia. TJ was unable to begin repayment until Apr. 1810 (MB 5 Feb., 10 Apr. 1810; TJ to Jefferson, 7 Jan., 1 and 22 July 1809; Jefferson to TJ, 27 Dec. 1808, 14 June, 18 Aug. 1809; TJ to Patrick Gibson, 23 Jan. 1809; Gibson & Jefferson to TJ, 20 Jan. 1809; TJ to Venable, 23 Jan. 1809). When settling his financial affairs in Washington TJ apparently had his first shocked realization of the extent to which he had been living beyond his income (TJ to MJR and to TMR, 17 Jan. 1809).

14.  John Cox’s account for purchases in 1807 and 1808 included fabrics and a hat, gloves, and stockings (Cox receipted invoice, 23 Jan. 1809, MHi).

15. One item provided by Dr. Worthington was “a scab of vaccine” which TJ sent to MJR so her younger children could be vaccinated against smallpox (TJ to MJR, 29 Nov. 1808; MJR to TJ, 1 Jan. 1809; Worthington receipted invoice, 3 Jan. 1809, MHi).

16. The Savannah newspapers were the Georgia Republican, its successor, the Republican, and the Public Intelligencer. TJ cancelled both subscriptions (TJ to John Milledge, 6 Feb. 1809; Brigham, History, i, 128-31 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ).

17. The books were some Unitarian pamphlets and a new Unitarian version of William Newcome’s translation of the New Testament, bought from the Philadelphia bookseller Thomas Dobson (TJ to Dobson, 18 Nov. 1807; Dobson to TJ, 20 Jan. 1809; Sowerby, Nos. 1489, 1698 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

18. In the spring of 1808 TJ had bought almost 1,000 panes of glass from the superfluous stock of the Capitol and President’s House (B. H. Latrobe to TJ, 31 Jan. 1809; TJ to Thomas Munroe, 6 Feb. 1809).

19.  Charles A. Burnett had made for TJ eighteen dessert spoons and a silver pudding dish at a cost of about eighty dollars. TJ received a forty dollar credit because he gave Burnett four gravy spoons and a soup ladle from Monticello. Six of the spoons are presently at Monticello, as is a covered bowl by Burnett (possibly the “pudding dish”), which TJ presented in 1808 to Camilla Franzoni, wife of one of the Italian sculptors working on the Capitol (TJ memorandum on silver prices, undated, MHi; James A. Bear, Jr., “Thomas Jefferson’s Silver,” The Magazine Antiques [Sep. 1958], p. 233-6).

20. TJ had ordered a coverlet of crimson mantua silk with a crimson fringe. He planned to line it with furs (TJ to John Rea, 17 Oct. 1808, 6 Feb. 1809).

21. Correctly $.989 (see MB 27 Oct. 1807, note 33).

22. Perhaps A Perpetual Kalendar, by Which to Find the Day of the Month, Week, &c. for Any Time, Past or to Come (Baltimore, 1809; Shaw-Shoemaker, No. 18363).

23. One half ream of cartridge paper (Patterson receipted invoice, 23 Jan. 1809, MHi).

24. The Political Observatory was a weekly newspaper published in Walpole, N.H., from 1803 to 1809 (Brigham, History, i, 489-90 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ). Francis Gardner (1771-1835) was a New Hampshire congressman (Directory Congress, p. 985 description begins Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1971, Washington, D.C., 1971 description ends ).

25. There is no known Republican Ledger from Worcester, Mass. This payment made through Massachusetts congressman William Stedman (1765-1831) may have been for the Worcester National Aegis, to which TJ was a subscriber (MB 31 Mch. 1804; Directory Congress, p. 1746 description begins Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1971, Washington, D.C., 1971 description ends ).

26. A gig bridle, a martingale, and a rein (Henry Polkinhorn receipted invoice, 11 Feb. 1809, MHi).

27.  Luke Kent was a clock and watchmaker near the corner of F and Thirteenth streets, N.W. (Washington National Intelligencer, 20 Jan. 1809).

28. This is probably the David Edwin engraving after Gilbert Stuart’s portrait of James Madison. It was published by C. Boyle and advertised for sale by R. C. Weightman in the Washington National Intelligencer, 17 Feb. 1809.

29. These disbursements were for freight and duties on a plough sent to TJ in 1807 by the Société d’Agriculture du Département de la Seine. It had been judged to give the least resistance of any plough in Europe. Confident that an American plough mounted with his own moldboard would prove superior, TJ soon arranged to borrow a dynamometer to make the comparison (Baron de Silvestre to TJ, 19 Sep. 1807; TJ to Robert Fulton, 8 Mch. 1813; Betts, Farm Book, p. 58-61 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Princeton, N.J., 1953 description ends ).

30. TJ ordered John Augustine Smith’s abridgement of John Bell, Principles of Surgery. Collins and Perkins at New York did not publish it until 1810 (Sowerby, No. 858 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

31. TJ paid Levi Lincoln for his subscriptions to various Massachusetts newspapers, all of which he cancelled at this time (TJ to Lincoln, 11 Mch. 1809).

32. Part of this money was for three dozen bow-back Windsor chairs, painted black with gold rings, to be made in Richmond and sent to Poplar Forest (TJ to George Jefferson, 10 Mch. 1809; Jefferson to TJ, 19 June 1809).

33. This warrant was the result of the discovery, as early as 1796, that TJ’s letter of credit of 21 Oct. 1789 for 2,800 florins had never been presented for payment. By 1809 it was presumed lost and Richard Harrison, auditor of the U.S., decided to reimburse TJ for its value, which TJ had credited to the U.S. in his account as minister to France submitted in 1792. Because of the loss of the bill and because he had received cash for it in France, TJ actually now owed its value to Ferdinand Grand & Cie., but his final settlement with them has not been found (MB 21 Oct. 1789; Harrison to TJ, 24 Jan., 10 Mch. 1809; TJ to Harrison, 8 Mch. 1796, 31 May 1822; TJ to J. A. Gautier, 17 Mch. 1796). This reimbursement by the government, which was completely just and received without the payment of interest, was the cause of recurring accusations of peculation which surfaced toward the end of TJ’s life. His elaborate public defense can be read in his letters to Ritchie & Gooch, 13 May and 10 June 1822.

34. After remaining in Washington to attend the inauguration of James Madison and to settle his affairs, TJ crossed the Potomac for the last time. This long-awaited final journey to Monticello was a fatiguing one, made over snow-covered roads in the phaeton and on horseback with two attendant servants. At Benjamin Shackelford’s tavern at Culpeper Courthouse TJ overtook the convoy of wagons and servants under the charge of Edmund Bacon and he reached home on 15 Mch. ahead of his personal effects. For accounts of TJ’s final days in Washington and his journey home, see Smith, Washington Society, p. 410-12 description begins Margaret B. Smith, The First Forty Years of Washington Society, ed. Gaillard Hunt, New York, 1906 description ends , Bear, Jefferson at Monticello, p. 104-8 description begins Jefferson at Monticello, ed. James A. Bear, Jr., Charlottesville, Va., 1967 description ends , and TJ to James Madison, 17 Mch. 1809.

35. From 1805 to 1812 TJ’s former overseer Eli Alexander was the rather troublesome tenant of 320 acres of Shadwell and a portion of Lego at one dollar per acre. The leases and correspondence concerning their interpretation are printed in Betts, Farm Book, p. 171-83 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Princeton, N.J., 1953 description ends .

36. TJ placed a bracket around this entry, evidently to indicate that it was not part of his own financial dealings. Eliza House Trist was living at Farmington with George and Martha Divers (Mrs. Trist to TJ, 31 Mch. 1809).

37. For the flower and vegetable seeds TJ bought from the Philadelphia seedsman and botanist Bernard McMahon (d. 1816), see TJ to McMahon, 8 Feb. 1809, and McMahon to TJ, 13 and 28 Feb. 1809. In his continuous effort to introduce useful plants TJ had confided to McMahon’s care the plant material from the Lewis and Clark expedition and later did the same with seeds he received from Europe. TJ and McMahon carried on an extensive correspondence, printed in Betts, Garden Book description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Philadelphia, 1944 description ends , and McMahon’s American Gardener’s Calendar , first published in 1806, became a horticultural bible at Monticello.

38.  Honoré Julien, TJ’s chef de cuisine at the President’s House, had spent about two weeks at Monticello instructing some of the servants in the art of French cookery (TJ to Étienne Lemaire, 25 Apr. 1809).

39. TMR and MJR and their family had now moved permanently from Edgehill to Monticello, where MJR took charge of the domestic operation of the house. When the name of TJ’s sister Anna J. Marks was mentioned as a possible housekeeper, MJR was quick to oppose her candidacy: “As to Aunt Marks it would not be desirable to have her if it was proper. I had full proof of her being totally incompetent to the business the last summer. . . . She is an excellent creature and a neat manager in a little way, but she has neither head nor a sufficient weight of character to manage so large an establishment as yours will be. I shall devote my self to it and with feelings which I never could have in my own affairs” (TJ to MJR, 27 Feb. 1809; MJR to TJ, 2 Mch. 1809).

40. This is probably TJ’s slave Critta (b. 1769), a daughter of Betty Hemings. She was a house servant at Monticello.

41. This “note” (DLC) lists coal, wine, ice, a horse for $200, and the remaining six years of John Freeman’s term of service for $231.81. Madison did not pay the bank but paid TJ directly (MB 20 Oct. 1809; TJ to Madison, 16 June 1809).

42. The scarcity of manufactured cloth, this time because of the Embargo Act of 1807, had again stimulated textile production at Monticello. TJ, who had wished to plant a two-acre patch of cotton, had to continue purchasing raw cotton for his spinners because cotton seed was unavailable in Virginia, where the cultivation of cotton had been abandoned for more than twenty years (Anne C. Randolph to TJ, 18 Mch. 1808; TJ to Edmund Bacon, 26 Dec. 1808; TJ to George Jefferson, 19 Apr. 1809; TJ to George Logan, 24 Nov. 1816).

43.  Isham Lewis, son of Charles Lilburne Lewis. For more details on TJ’s generous treatment of this nephew, who was later involved in a grisly murder in Kentucky, see Merrill, Jefferson’s Nephews, p. 182-6 description begins Boynton Merrill, Jr., Jefferson’s Nephews: A Frontier Tragedy, Princeton, N.J., 1976 description ends .

44.  Moses (b. 1792), son of Dick (b. 1767) and Dinah (b. 1766), was born on TJ’s Bedford County plantation and about 1811 was moved to the Lego farm in Albemarle County. He was leased to TJR in 1817, after which his name disappears from the Farm Book description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Farm Book,” 1774-1826. Reproduced in facsimile in Betts, Farm Book. MHi description ends .

45. This was TJ’s first income from the Shadwell manufacturing mill, which had been operating for over two years. The agreement with the Shoemakers was for a rent of $1,250 per year, with quarterly payments. On TJ’s difficulties in collecting the rent, see Betts, Farm Book, p. 369-76 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Princeton, N.J., 1953 description ends .

46.  Hugh Chisholm and his brother John began the construction of Monticello’s four brick cisterns, which were intended to supplement the unreliable water supply on the mountaintop. Completed in 1810, they proved almost impossible to make watertight and probably never provided the supply TJ envisioned (Betts, Garden Book, p. 630-1 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Philadelphia, 1944 description ends ).

47.  Davy and his cart brought back to Monticello from Washington a pair of broad-tailed sheep given to TJ by William Thornton (TJ to Thornton, 24 Aug., 11 Oct. 1809).

48.  William Dawson’s invoice, dated 23 May 1809, for valuation fees for the Shadwell toll and manufacturing mills, worth $3,700 and $8,000, is in MHi.

49. In 1806 the Mutual Assurance Society had levied a second surcharge, two-thirds the original quota, to offset losses from the Norfolk fire of 1804. TJ had failed to pay it at that time and thus Monticello had been uninsured for almost three years (W. F. Ast to TJ, 5 May 1807; Benjamin Brown to TJ, 3 July 1809; TJ to Brown, 8 July 1809; MB 11 Aug. 1804).

50. From Nov. 1809 to the summer of 1810 TJR was enrolled at the Richmond academy operated by Louis Hue Girardin, John Wood, and David Doyle. He studied mathematics and natural philosophy. TJ, through George Jefferson, paid all expenses of TJR’s board and tuition, which was $77 per year (TJ to George Jefferson, 13 Sep., 31 Oct. 1809; Girardin invoice, 14-16 Nov. 1809, MHi; TJ to TJR, 30 Dec. 1809).

51.  Wilson Jefferson Cary (1784-1823), grandson of Wilson Miles Cary, was living at Carysbrook at this time. He had married TMR’s sister Virginia at Monticello in 1805 (Fairfax Harrison, The Virginia Carys [New York, 1919], p. 112-13).

52. At this time Randolph Harrison (1768-1839), son of Carter Henry Harrison, lived at Clifton, which is in Cumberland County at the confluence of the James and Willis rivers, just east of present Cartersville (Robert I. Randolph, The Randolphs of Virginia [n.p., n.d.], p. 182).

53. TJ went to Richmond to attend, at the office of commissioner in chancery Thomas Ladd, the 20 Oct. meeting of interested parties in the chancery suit of Bathurst Skelton’s representatives against the executors of John Wayles’ estate (MB 18 Sep. 1801; TJ to Henry Skipwith, 24 July 1809; TJ to William Fleming, 24 July 1809; TJ to John Austin, 20 Oct. 1809). While in town TJ attended two banquets hastily organized in his honor, one at the armory on 20 Oct. and the second at the Eagle tavern the following evening (Malone, Jefferson, vi, 14 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ).

54.  John Moss was proprietor of Richmond’s best tavern, the Swan near the corner of Ninth and Broad streets (David John Mays, ed., The Letters and Papers of Edmund Pendleton [Charlottesville, Va., 1967], ii, 633).

55. The Wigwam, William Branch Giles’ Amelia County residence, was located near the Appomattox River about twelve miles north of present Amelia.

56. The Mercantile Advertiser was a New York City daily newspaper published by John Crookes and Amos Butler (Brigham, History, i, 661 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ).

57.  Elisha Watkins worked throughout 1809 superintending TJ’s slave carpenters in work for the Albemarle County plantations, including the paling fence for the Monticello vegetable garden (“Directions for Mr. Watkins,” 27 Sep. 1808, MHi; TJ to Jesse Perry, 20 Jan. 1810).

58. After Meriwether Lewis’ death in Tennessee in October, his servant John Pernier had come directly to Albemarle County to see TJ and Lewis’ mother (James Neelly to TJ, 18 Oct. 1809; TJ to James Madison, 26 Nov. 1809).

59.  Youen Carden (b. c. 1758) was miller at TJ’s Shadwell toll mill, except for the period of TMR’s tenancy, from Nov. 1808 to Mch. 1824. He was paid $40 per year and he and his wife and four children lived at the Shadwell mills (TJ to Carden, 29 Nov. 1809; Edmund Bacon “Census 1820,” MHi).

60. The stonemason James Sammons worked for TJ from 1809 to 1813 on various structures, including the Milton tobacco warehouse, the pierhead for the canal, and the Shadwell toll mill (TJ to Hugh Chisholm, 18 June 1811).

61. With the termination of John H. Craven’s lease of Tufton, TJ took this farm adjoining Monticello back into his own hands. He considered it his “main dependence” and wished “to make it adequate, with my other Albemarle resources, to support all expences” (TJ to MJR, 27 Feb. 1809). In this he relied heavily on his son-in-law TMR, who undertook the supervision of Tufton and hired its overseer, William McGehee, at an annual wage of £50. McGehee, whose unappealing character is revealed in one of TJ’s remarkable pen portraits, worked for the years 1810 and 1811 (Agreement with McGehee, 8 Aug. 1809, MHi; TJ to James Madison, 16 Aug. 1810). Jeremiah Goodman (d. 1857) was overseer in 1810 and 1811 at TJ’s Lego farm and in 1812 moved to Bedford County, where he served as overseer at Poplar Forest until 1815 (Woods, Albemarle, p. 210 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ).