General Orders, 5 June 1781
General Orders
Head Quarters New Windsor Tuesday June 5. 178[1]
Parole. Countersigns [ ]
Colonel Hazen’s regiment to embark tomorrow morning at Fishkill landing where transports are provided for them.1
The Honorable the Congress have been pleased to pass the following Resolves:
By the United States in Congress Assembled May 25th 1781.
The Report of the Committee on the Letter of the 20th of december last from the Commander in Chief was taken into consideration whereupon:
Resolved That battalion promotions in the infantry to the rank of commanding officer inclusive where such Battalion is annexed to any State shall be in the line of such state.
That in regiments of infantry or Legionary corps not annexed to particular States Promotions to the rank of commanding officer inclusive be regimental or Legionary.
That promotions in the Cavalry and Artillery be Regimental to the rank of commanding officer inclusive.
That the promotion of Battalion officers to the rank of Brigadiers be confined to the following districts in each of which Brigadiers when necessary shall be made from the senior officer of that district without regard to any particular state.
That New Hampshire and Massachusetts be entitled to four Brigadiers[;] Rhode Island and Connecticutt two [Brigadiers;] New York and New Jersey including Colo. Hazen’s regmt two [Brigadiers;] Pennsylvania two [Brigadiers;] Delaware and Maryland two [Brigadiers;] Virginia three [Brigadiers;] North Carolina one [Brigadier;] South Carolina and Georgia one [Brigadier.]
That whenever a Brigadier shall be wanting for the Troops of either of those districts he shall be made from the senior Battalion officer without regarding the state to which he belongs.
That in the Cavalry and Artillery Brigadiers shall be made from the eldest regimental officers in the Corps respectively.
That Major Generals shall be made from the eldest Brigadiers in the Army whether belonging to the Infantry Cavalry or Artillery.
That all Brigadiers hereafter to be made shall have relative rank respecting each other agreeable to the date of their last battalion Commissions priority of Appointments not withstanding.2
That Tench Tilghman Esqr. receive the Commission of Lieutenant Colonel in the line of the Army and take rank from the first of April 1777.
That Doctor James McHenry receive the Commission of Major in the Army of the United States to take rank from the 30th of October last.3
That Officers not annexed to any line serving in the family of the Commander in Chief and those serving as Aids D. camp with other General Officers retain the rank they now hold and shall be eligible to command upon detachments when the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a department shall think proper.4
That all Officers who are hostages and are liable to be called for by the enemy and are not continued in the line of any State shall be entitled to their full pay untill redeemed and to Half pay for life afterwards in the same manner as officers of equal rank reduced by the late Arrangement,5 and that it be recommended to the Respective States in the line of which they were at the time of their becoming Hostages to make good to them their Depreciation and also to pay them such Sums as are or may become due to them and charge the same to the United States.
That Lieutenant Colonels, Commandants, of battalions be not considered in different Grades from other Lieutenant Colonels of the Line.
The Commander in Chief thinks proper to direct that all Vacancies should be filled to the present time agreeably to the rules of Promotion formerly established6—From this period it is expected the foregoing Regulations respecting Promotion will be strictly adhered to throughout the Line of the army.
Varick transcript, DLC:GW. The copyist erroneously wrote “1782” for the year.
1. For preliminaries regarding this movement, see General Orders, 30 May, n.6, and 1 June, n.1.
2. GW had recommended new promotion guidelines in a letter to Samuel Huntington, president of Congress, dated 20–26 Dec. 1780. Congress subsequently debated a committee report “by paragraphs” and passed these resolutions on 25 May 1781 ( , 20:539–41, quote on 539; see also GW to John Sullivan, 11 May).
3. For recommendations related to the rank of GW’s aide-de-camp Tench Tilghman and former secretary James McHenry, see Remarks on a Congressional Committee Report, 3 April, and n.11.
4. Concerns had been raised regarding rank and command opportunities for aides-de-camp (see Alexander Hamilton to GW, 27 April, and GW to Hamilton, same date).
5. The general orders refer to the reorganization of the Continental army (see General Orders, 1 Nov. 1780).
6. Congress adopted resolutions related to promotions on 24 Nov. 1778 (see , 12:1154–60; see also GW’s first letter to Huntington, 17 April 1780).