Thomas Jefferson Papers

Thomas Leiper to Thomas Jefferson, 13 May 1823

From Thomas Leiper

Philada May 13th 1823

Dear Sir

A few days ago I wrote you and by the same Mail I sent you Two small Bundles of Pamphlets and if you have not time to read them please put them into the hands men who are well disposed to Curtail our import and encress our Exports—I was of the opinion that the Millet perhaps had not got into your part of the country because every thing in the farming Line does not spread rapidly for altho’ the Cultivation of the Millet has been for many years in Bucks County only Twenty Miles from here I never saw it till last year—I have consigned to Doctor Joseph Trent of Richmond Two Half Barrels of the Millet Seed one half Barrel for you and the other for himself with a request he may forward yours on its arrival—But should you have an opportunity of a conveyance you had better call on him In the meantime if you mean to cultivate get your ground in order—The best time of sowing is about the first of June half a Bushel to an Acre—I had a Tenant last year that had about Five Acres and it grew from 4½ to 5 feet high and it produced him he thinks three Ton of Hay per Acre I had not so much in but mine grew from 4½ to 5½ feet high—My intention is to have a large quantity sown this season and to feed my Horses and Cows on it in the House for they like it better than Clover by that means I shall get all Dung and not require one third of my land and I think One man and a Horse1 will attend some Twenty or Thirty Head and the Dung will be worth double his wages—I Ploughed at our meadow about Four or Five Inchis Deep the Clay at the Bottom I collected the stumps of rotten trees and Brush which I put in the heart and built my Turf about 18 Inchis at first leaving a hole at Bottom so as to give Air that the wood may burn and when it is completly on Fire you may keep puting on Turf to any amount—The Kiln must be built in the same form as they are built for the Burning of Charecoal leting neither fire nor Smoke get out and I am certain this method will answer the same purpose as that pointed out by the Major General—I have put about Three Hundred Bushels of thes burnt ashes per acre Planted Potatoes the Ruta Baga the Globe Turnip—The Potatoes the Vines looked as well as those put in with dung and the Ruta Baga was Twenty Four Inches round and the Globe Turnip Twenty Seven Inchis—I am Clear this Vegetation proceed from the burnt Clay—This piece of ground was in Potatoes and turnips the second in Millet and this year in Wheat but I must acknowledge the wheat put in with stable manure is very supperior—But as we cannot get a sufficient quantity of stable manure we must substitute the burnt Clay—Altho’ I believe we might make as dung2 again as we do and Collect leaves as put under our Cattle for there [is]3 as much manure in the Urine as in the Dung—I am with highest respect and esteem

Your most4 Obedient Servant

Thomas Leiper

RC (DLC); at foot of text: “Thomas Jefferson late President of the United States”; endorsed by TJ as received 27 May 1823 and so recorded (with mistaken date of composition of 16 May) in SJL.

major general Alexander Beatson described his method of constructing kilns to burn clay, soil, or marl for fertilizer as more cost-effective substitutes for lime or dung in A New System of Cultivation, without Lime, or Dung, or Summer Fallows (London, 1820), 19–22, 156–61. Leiper sent TJ this work with his letter of 9 May 1823.

1Preceding four words interlined in place of “Hand.”

2Word interlined, with “much dung” possibly intended.

3Omitted word editorially supplied.

4Manuscript: “must.”

Index Entries

  • agriculture; and fertilization search
  • agriculture; and fodder search
  • agriculture; and manure search
  • A New System of Cultivation, without Lime, or Dung, or Summer Fallows, as practiced at Knowle-Farm, in the County of Sussex (A. Beatson) search
  • Beatson, Alexander; A New System of Cultivation, without Lime, or Dung, or Summer Fallows, as practiced at Knowle-Farm, in the County of Sussex search
  • cattle; fodder for search
  • clay; used as fertilizer search
  • clover; as fodder search
  • crops; clover search
  • crops; hay search
  • crops; millet search
  • crops; potatoes search
  • crops; rutabagas search
  • crops; turnips, globe search
  • fodder; for cattle search
  • fodder; for horses search
  • hay search
  • horses; as draft animals search
  • horses; fodder for search
  • Jefferson, Thomas; Books & Library; works sent to search
  • Leiper, Thomas; and agriculture search
  • Leiper, Thomas; letters from search
  • Leiper, Thomas; sends works to TJ search
  • lime (mineral); used as fertilizer search
  • livestock; and manure search
  • millet search
  • potatoes search
  • rutabagas (Swedish turnips) search
  • seeds; millet search
  • seeds; sent to TJ search
  • Trent, Joseph search
  • turnips; globe search
  • United States; trade of search
  • wheat; as crop search