38. TJ was in Fredericksburg to meet with Edmund Pendleton, George Wythe, George Mason, and Thomas Ludwell Lee, other members of a committee named by the assembly in 1776 to revise Virginia’s laws (see Papers, i, 562-4 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ).

39.  Mann Page, Jr. (c. 1749-1803), brother of John Page of Rosewell and delegate from Spotsylvania County, lived near Fredericksburg at Mannsfield on the Rappahannock River.

40. This was the arms manufactory which had been established according to the “Ordinance for providing arms and ammunition for the use of this colony” passed in Aug. 1775 by the third Virginia Convention. Located just east of Fredericksburg, its active commissioners were Fielding Lewis and the prominent merchant Charles Dick (1715-1783) (Hening, Statutes, ix, 71-3 description begins William Waller Hening, The Statutes at Large; Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia, Richmond, 1809-1823, 13 vols. description ends ; Robert L. Miller, “Fredericksburg Manufactory Muskets,” Military Collector and Historian, iii [1951], 63-5).

41.  Giles and John Higson and three other gentlemen advertised at this time that the wide variety of cloth they could produce was on view in “the factory” in Fredericksburg. This was probably the factory belonging to James Mercer, in which Ebenezer Hazard in May saw a spinning machine with twenty-two spindles and made particular mention of the production of figured cloth. TJ later bought some shuttles through Mercer’s father-in-law Charles Dick (Virginia Gazette [P], 17 Jan. 1777 description begins Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg, 1751-1780, and Richmond, 1780-1781). Abbreviations for publishers of the several newspapers of this name, frequently published concurrently, include: D & H (Dixon & Hunter), P & D (Purdie & Dixon), R (Rind) description ends ; Fred Shelley, ed., “The Journal of Ebenezer Hazard in Virginia, 1777,” VMHB, lxii [1954], 403-4; MB 25 May 1777).

42.  Francis Eppes Harris, a son of Martha Jefferson’s aunt Anne Eppes Harris, lived on part of the Indian Camp tract in southwestern Powhatan County (Powhatan County Deed Book, i, 147, iii, 47-9, Powhatan County Courthouse, Powhatan, Va.).

43.  Charles Lilburne Lewis (1747-1831), son of Charles Lewis, Jr., of Buck Island, had married TJ’s sister Lucy in 1769. They lived six miles southeast of Monticello at Monteagle, the portion of the Buck Island plantation on the south side of the Rivanna River (Merrill, Jefferson’s Nephews, passim description begins Boynton Merrill, Jr., Jefferson’s Nephews: A Frontier Tragedy, Princeton, N.J., 1976 description ends ).

44. Ryno, named after Fingal’s son in the Ossianic poems of James McPherson, was a horse (Fee Book: RJ account description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Fee Book,” 1767-1774, containing entries pertaining to his law practice. Indexed. Miscellaneous accounts, 1764-1794. 187 bound quarto leaves. CSmH description ends ).

45. For Jane Randolph Jefferson’s will and the inventory of her estate, of which TJ was executor, see AlCWB, ii, 356, 367 description begins Albemarle County Will Books, Albemarle County Courthouse, Charlottesville, Va. description ends .

46.  Peggy Wanlace was probably a weaver or in some way connected with textile production at Monticello (see MB 17 July 1777).

47. TJ referred to this western land scheme, which was not pursued, in a letter to James Madison, 11 Nov. 1784 (see MB 31 Mch. 1777).

48. Edmund Randolph.

49.  Edward Butler had been a convict servant of the tailor Benjamin Colvard (Virginia Gazette [P & D], 16 June 1774, supplement description begins Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg, 1751-1780, and Richmond, 1780-1781). Abbreviations for publishers of the several newspapers of this name, frequently published concurrently, include: D & H (Dixon & Hunter), P & D (Purdie & Dixon), R (Rind) description ends ).

50. In 1775 TJ had sold to James Gatewood for £1,000 the 2,000-acre Bedford County tract called “The Rough,” which he had patented in 1767 (BeCDB, VI, 59; Fee Book: Personal estate account description begins Bedford County Deed Books, Bedford County Courthouse, Bedford, Va. description ends ; MB 20 Oct. 1767, legal notations).

51. A granny was a nurse or midwife (OED description begins A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, ed. Sir James Murray and others, Oxford, 1888-1933 description ends ).

52. In the Fee Book description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Fee Book,” 1767-1774, containing entries pertaining to his law practice. Indexed. Miscellaneous accounts, 1764-1794. 187 bound quarto leaves. CSmH description ends TJ recorded that these dues were paid to Robert Anderson, collector of Littleton Parish. Littleton and Southam parishes were the western and eastern parts of Cumberland County until July 1777, after which time Southam Parish was part of newly formed Powhatan County. TJ’s dues were probably for his Willis Creek lands in northern Cumberland County (Fee Book: Henry Skipwith account; Hening, Statutes, ix, 322-5 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Fee Book,” 1767-1774, containing entries pertaining to his law practice. Indexed. Miscellaneous accounts, 1764-1794. 187 bound quarto leaves. CSmH description ends ; MB 5 Oct. 1790).

53.  John Brewer’s account is in the Fee Book description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Fee Book,” 1767-1774, containing entries pertaining to his law practice. Indexed. Miscellaneous accounts, 1764-1794. 187 bound quarto leaves. CSmH description ends .

54. TJ attended the assembly in Williamsburg from 5 through 20 May (Fee Book: Treasury of Virginia account description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Fee Book,” 1767-1774, containing entries pertaining to his law practice. Indexed. Miscellaneous accounts, 1764-1794. 187 bound quarto leaves. CSmH description ends ).

55.  Gabriel Galt kept the tavern, formerly James Vaughan’s and later called the City Tavern, on the northwest corner of present Main and Nineteenth streets, Richmond (Ward and Greer, Richmond During Revolution, p. 5, 50 description begins Harry M. Ward and Harold E. Greer, Jr., Richmond during the Revolution, 1775-1783, Charlottesville, Va., 1977 description ends ).

56. According to the TJ Index, 1776-1778 description begins Thomas Jefferson manuscript indexes for the Memorandum Books, 1767-1826, bound with them, except for 1773 (unlocated), 1776-1778 and 1779-1782 (ViU) description ends , this was the son of Benjamin Colvard the tailor. Ben Colvard, Jr., worked at Monticello as an apprentice carpenter under Joseph Neilson in 1778 and 1779 (Fee Book: Neilson account description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Fee Book,” 1767-1774, containing entries pertaining to his law practice. Indexed. Miscellaneous accounts, 1764-1794. 187 bound quarto leaves. CSmH description ends ).

57.  This child, for whom no name appears in the record, died on 14 June (MB 14 June 1777).

58.  Mrs. Gaines, perhaps the wife of Hierom Gaines, was a midwife who apparently assisted at the birth of TJ’s unnamed son and his daughter Mary in 1778 (MB 1 Aug. 1778).

59. In 1776 Jesse Burton had bought for £500 TJ’s 896-acre “Tomahawk” tract in Bedford County, made up of the three parcels of 298, 298, and 300 acres patented or purchased in 1768, 1771, and 1773 (BeCDB, V, 483; Fee Book: Personal Estate account description begins Bedford County Deed Books, Bedford County Courthouse, Bedford, Va. description ends ; MB 20 Oct. 1767, legal notations, 3 Sep. 1771, cash accounts, 27 Dec. 1773, cash accounts).

60. Those who enlisted for three years in the Continental Army were to receive a bounty of twenty dollars, an annual suit of clothes, and land bounties according to rank (Hening, Statutes, ix, 179-84 description begins William Waller Hening, The Statutes at Large; Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia, Richmond, 1809-1823, 13 vols. description ends ). For further recruiting instructions, which TJ as county lieutenant was responsible for implementing, see Patrick Henry to TJ, 31 Mch. 1777, and George Washington’s advertisement in Virginia Gazette (D & H), 3 Jan. 1777.

61. June 23.

62. Correctly “for me £6.”

63.  Wilson Miles Cary (1734-1817) lived at this time in Hampton and at Richneck in Warwick County. In 1778 he bought Patrick Henry’s Scotchtown in Hanover County and lived there until the end of the Revolution, when he moved to Ceelys in Elizabeth City County. In the last years of his life he lived in Williamsburg and at Carysbrook in Fluvanna County (Fairfax Harrison, The Virginia Carys [New York, 1919], p. 108-9).

64. A slay was a reed, the instrument for beating up the weft in weaving (OED).

65. Oroonoko was one of the two varieties of tobacco cultivated in Virginia. It was also the name of the enslaved black prince in Thomas Southerne’s Restoration tragedy Oroonoko, which was based on a novel by Mrs. Aphra Behn. TJ had a copy of this popular play in his library (Sowerby, No. 4556 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

66. John Hancock’s letter of 25 Oct. 1777 acknowledges receipt of forty-seven dollars from Albemarle County for the relief of the poor of Boston (see MB 6 June 1775).

67. According to the TJ Index, 1776-1778 description begins Thomas Jefferson manuscript indexes for the Memorandum Books, 1767-1826, bound with them, except for 1773 (unlocated), 1776-1778 and 1779-1782 (ViU) description ends , this was Thomas Walker, Jr. (d. 1798), son of Dr. Thomas Walker. He lived at Indian Fields in the northeastern corner of Albemarle County (Woods, Albemarle, p. 336 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ). “Col. Madison” was James Madison, Sr. (1723-1801), father of the future president and resident of Montpelier in Orange County.

68. As early as 1771 TJ began to take measures to acquire the mountain which rose four hundred feet above Monticello to the southwest. Although he may have taken possession of this entailed property some time between 1771 and 1777, TJ did not receive a formal deed from Edward and Sarah Carter until 17 Oct. 1777, one year after passage of his own bill abolishing entails (MB 24 Mch. 1771, legal notations; AlCDB, vii, 132-3; Land Roll 1788 description begins Albemarle County Deed Books, Albemarle County Courthouse, Charlottesville, Va. description ends ). TJ gave the name Montalto, or High Mountain, to his part of Carter’s Mountain, and throughout his life he dreamed of incorporating its natural features in his landscape schemes for Monticello. Apparently none of these ideas, which included plans for an astronomical observatory or a two-hundred-foot column on its summit, was ever carried out (see Nichols, Nos. 65, 66, 93, 126, and 381 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Architectural Drawings, ed. Frederick D. Nichols, 4th ed., Charlottesville, Va., 1978 description ends ). Anderson Bryan’s preliminary survey plat of the Montalto property, dated 3 Oct. 1774, is in ViU:EHR.

69.  Gilliam was apparently an overseer, under Henry Cox’s superintendence, of TJ’s Willis Creek lands in Cumberland County.

70. TJ was paid £39–10 for attending the assembly for seventy-nine days from 20 Oct. 1777 to 24 Jan. 1778 (Fee Book: Treasury of Virginia account description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Fee Book,” 1767-1774, containing entries pertaining to his law practice. Indexed. Miscellaneous accounts, 1764-1794. 187 bound quarto leaves. CSmH description ends ). For the next year when in Williamsburg he lodged in rooms rented from the shoemaker Robert Gilbert, who advertised rooms for rent in a house on Francis Street belonging to Richard Charlton. Since Gilbert collected rents for a number of different people it is not certain that TJ lived in Charlton’s house in 1777 and 1778 (MB 12 May 1778; Virginia Gazette [P], 10 Oct. 1777 description begins Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg, 1751-1780, and Richmond, 1780-1781). Abbreviations for publishers of the several newspapers of this name, frequently published concurrently, include: D & H (Dixon & Hunter), P & D (Purdie & Dixon), R (Rind) description ends ).

71.  Mary Gibbons operated the Yorktown ferry and kept the Swan Tavern in Yorktown (Virginia Gazette [P & D], 7 Apr. 1774 description begins Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg, 1751-1780, and Richmond, 1780-1781). Abbreviations for publishers of the several newspapers of this name, frequently published concurrently, include: D & H (Dixon & Hunter), P & D (Purdie & Dixon), R (Rind) description ends ).

72. TJ had bought this parcel, for which Charles Carter of Shirley executed the deed, on 8 Jan. 1774. Part of lot No. 335, it contained 825 square yards and lay on the James River just west of Shockoe landing, near present Fourteenth Street (TJ to David Higginbotham, 12 Sep. 1811). Memorandum Book entries indicate that TJ intended to build a warehouse on this lot, but as he sold it in 1811 for only the purchase price plus interest, his plans may never have been carried out (MB 9 Oct. 1774, 24 Jan. 1775, cash accounts, 20 Oct. 1811).

73. Liberty Hall Academy was at this time located near Timber Ridge Church in present Rockbridge County. Founded in 1749 as the Augusta Academy, the first classical school west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, it later became Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Va. (Ollinger Crenshaw, General Lee’s College: The Rise and Growth of Washington and Lee University [New York, 1969]).

74. On 14 Nov. the General Assembly gave a ball at the Capitol to celebrate the defeat of the British forces under General John Burgoyne at Saratoga (Virginia Gazette [P], 21 Nov. 1777 description begins Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg, 1751-1780, and Richmond, 1780-1781). Abbreviations for publishers of the several newspapers of this name, frequently published concurrently, include: D & H (Dixon & Hunter), P & D (Purdie & Dixon), R (Rind) description ends ).

75.  Edmund Pendleton “Jr.” was a nephew of Edmund Pendleton the jurist. He lived in Caroline County.

76. Dr. Nicholas Flood, eminent practitioner of Richmond County, had died in 1776, but his will was not proved until 1778 (Blanton, Medicine in Virginia, p. 382 description begins Wyndham B. Blanton, Medicine in Virginia in the Eighteenth Century, Richmond, 1931 description ends ).

77. Francis Eppes advertised for a horse which had strayed from his Chesterfield County property (Virginia Gazette [P], 28 Nov. 1777 description begins Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg, 1751-1780, and Richmond, 1780-1781). Abbreviations for publishers of the several newspapers of this name, frequently published concurrently, include: D & H (Dixon & Hunter), P & D (Purdie & Dixon), R (Rind) description ends ).