1. For the enclosed letter from the governor of Pennsylvania on a controversial request for the extradition of two fugitives from Virginia and Edmund Randolph’s opinion of 20 July on the matter, see Thomas Mifflin to GW, 18 July, and Randolph to GW, 23 July, n.1.

2. For these documents and their transmittal to the State Department this day, see GW to U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, 26 Oct., n.3, and GW to Martin, 14 Nov., n.1.

3. The enclosed “Schedule of the whole Number of Persons within the several Districts of the United States, according to an Act providing for the Enumeration of the Inhabitants of the United States, passed March the 1st: 1790” was signed by Thomas Jefferson on 24 Oct., who noted that it was “Truly stated from the original Returns deposited in the Office of the Secretary of State” (DNA: RG 46, Second Congress, 1791–1793, Records of Legislative Proceedings, President’s Messages). It reads:

Districts	Free white Males of sixteen years & upwards, including Heads of Families	Free white Males under sixteen Years	Free white Females including Heads of Families	All other Free Persons	Slaves	Total
Vermont	22,435	22,328	40,505	252	16	85,536
New Hampshire	36,086	34,851	70,160	630	158	141,885
Maine	24,384	24,748	46,870	538	none	96,540
Massachusetts	95,453	87,289	190,582	5,463	none	378,787
Rhode Island	16,019	15,799	32,652	3,407	948	68,825
Connecticut	60,523	54,403	117,448	2,808	2,764	237,946
New York	83,700	78,122	152,320	4,654	21,324	340,120
New Jersey	45,251	41,416	83,287	2,762	11,453	184,139
Pennsylvania	110,788	106,948	206,363	6,537	3,737	434,373
Delaware	11,783	12,143	22,384	3,899	8,887	59,096
Maryland	55,915	51,339	101,395	8,043	103,036	319,728
Virginia	110,936	116,135	215,046	12,866	292,627	747,610
Kentucky	15,154	17,057	28,922	114	12,430	73,677
North Carolina	69,988	77,506	140,710	4,975	100,572	393,751
South Carolina
Georgia	13,103	14,044	25,739	398	29,264	82,548

	Free white Males of 21 Years & upwards, including Heads of Families	Free Males under twenty one Years of age	Free white Females including Heads of Families	All other persons	Slaves	Total
South West Territory	6,271	10,277	15,365	361	3,417	35,691
North West Territory

A note keyed to the entry for Vermont states: “The Return was not signed by the Marshal, but was inclosed and referred to in a letter written and signed by him” (DNA: RG 46, Second Congress, 1791–1793, Records of Legislative Proceedings, President’s Messages). For the blank line for South Carolina’s return, see GW to the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, 1 November. For the population of the Northwest Territory, see the report of Winthrop Sargent, Jefferson Papers description begins Julian P. Boyd et al., eds. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. 41 vols. to date. Princeton, N.J., 1950–. description ends , 18:217–18. For GW’s interest in the results of the first federal census, see GW to Gouverneur Morris, 28 July, n.3.

The “Act providing for the enumeration of the Inhabitants of the United States” of 1 Mar. 1790 addressed Art. I, sec. 2 of the Federal Constitution, which reads in part: “Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct.” The act empowered the marshals of the districts of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia to divide their jurisdictions and appoint assistants for each division as they saw fit. Each assistant would be responsible for completing a schedule consisting of the names of heads of families and the numbers of free white males of sixteen years of age and older, free white males under sixteen, free white females, all other free persons, and slaves. The actual enumeration was to commence on 2 Aug. 1790 and close nine months later, and marshals were, by law, to file the returns with the clerks of their respective district courts and to transmit to the president on or before 1 Sept. 1791 “the aggregate amount of each description of persons within their respective districts.” The provisions of the law were extended to Rhode Island and Vermont by congressional acts of 5 July 1790 and 2 Mar. 1791 after those states joined the Union (1 Stat. description begins Richard Peters, ed. The Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America, from the Organization of the Government in 1789, to March 3, 1845 . . .. 8 vols. Boston, 1845-67. description ends 101–3, 129, 197–98). Despite the admonition in the act of 1 Mar. 1790 that the district courts “carefully preserve” the original returns, those of the first census for Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey, Virginia, and the Southwest Territory were lost or destroyed, and therefore were not published by the federal government in 1907–8 with the returns of the other states.