George Washington Papers

George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 12 May 1781

To Major General Horatio Gates

Head Quarters New Windsor 12th May 1781.

Sir

Your favor of the 29th of April from Philada was delivered to me on the 9th Instant by Colo. Stewart. That of the 15th of January from Berkely in Virginia reached me in due time.1 I should be sorry to think that either the public or yourself should have suffered from the unaccountable delay of my letter of the 8th of October2—and I should with the greatest readiness set about an enquiry into the causes of it, did it appear practicable to make any discoveries after so much time has elapsed.3

Your letter of the 24th of April to the president of Congress was, as you have been informed, transmitted to me with the following endorsement by the secretary “Ordered to be transmitted to the Commander in Chief” without any further instructions on the matter. As that letter contained an Appeal to Congress and a request that they would themselves proceed upon the Enquiry which they had ordered to be held upon your Conduct, I could only, in answer, advise them of the steps which had been taken to endeavour to bring it on at the southern Army, and with the Reasons which operated against it at the time, and which, I suppose, from the unsettled State of Affairs in that quarter, are still likely to exist. I informed them, likewise, that only two modes remained of bringing the matter to an issue in a military way—ordering the enquiry to be held with the southern Army immediately and at all events—or taking Depositions there and producing them in Evidence to a Court here.4

I hope you are assured that nothing has been neglected on my part, which could tend to carry the orders of Congress into Execution. The causes of delay hitherto you are acquainted with. No particular Charges having been lodged with me, I neither had nor have I any to make. The Court, if they do meet, can only proceed upon the Resolve of the 5th of October which directs in general terms—An enquiry into your conduct as Commander of the southern Army.5

Although I have not the pleasure of being personally acquainted with Major Pinkney, I was no stranger to his character before your warm recommendation of him. I cannot, without infringing a general Rule of Conduct, which has lately been enforced by a Resolve of Congress, give directions for the exchange of any Officer out of his turn,6 but I can, on account of the Major’s peculiar situation, with propriety desire General Greene to interest himself in obtaining his parole—This I will do, the first time I have occasion to write to him.7 I have the honor to be Sir Your most obt and humble Servt

Go: Washington

LS, in Tench Tilghman’s writing, NHi: Gates Papers; Df, DLC:GW; copy, DLC: Jefferson Papers; copy, enclosed in Gates to Samuel Huntington, 22 May, DNA:PCC, item 154; copy, DNA:PCC, item 171; copy, NHi: Gates Papers; copy, NN: Emmet Collection; Varick transcript, DLC:GW. GW’s aide-de-camp Tench Tilghman, who penned the draft, wrote on the docket: “to Majr Genl Gates in Philada.” Gates replied to GW on 22 May.

1When he wrote GW on 15 Jan., Gates addressed delays in beginning the court of inquiry to investigate his conduct as commander of the southern department and defeat at the Battle of Camden. His letter on 29 April again remarked on the court of inquiry and requested a prisoner exchange for Maj. Thomas Pinckney.

2GW commented on the Battle of Camden when he wrote Gates on 8 Oct. 1780.

3At this point on the draft, Tilghman wrote and struck out: “As there was no established Communication between me and the Army under your command I usually sent my letters to the Care of the president of Congress or Board of War.”

4See GW to Samuel Huntington, 8 May 1781. Gates had complained about his removal as commander and his omission from congressional recognition of the southern army’s bravery (see Gates to Huntington, 24 April, found at Huntington to GW, 26 April, n.3).

5The court of inquiry authorized on 5 Oct. 1780 never convened, and Congress later revoked its resolution (see Huntington to GW, 6 Oct. 1780, and n.2 to that document, and GW to Nathanael Greene, 22 Oct. 1780, and notes 5 and 6).

6A congressional resolution adopted on 7 Aug. 1780 required a “due regard to the order of captivity” in exchanges (JCC description begins Worthington Chauncey Ford et al., eds. Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789. 34 vols. Washington, D.C., 1904–37. description ends , 17:705–6; see also Huntington to GW, 9 Aug. 1780, n.1).

7GW failed to mention Pinckney when he next wrote Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene on 1 June 1781. Taken prisoner at the Battle of Camden while an aide-de-camp for Gates, Pinckney received a parole and went to Philadelphia during the summer (see Gates to GW, 29 April, and n.3 to that document).

Index Entries