1. GW apparently issued these orders after receiving Capt. Jonathan Dayton’s letter advising him of a major enemy landing at Elizabeth, N.J. (see Document I).

2. According to the army’s monthly regimental reports, the strength of these brigades (officers and soldiers present fit for duty) in June was as follows: the two Connecticut brigades totaled 1,098; Brig. Gen. John Stark’s brigade numbered 562; Brig. Gen. Edward Hand’s brigade numbered 823; and the two Pennsylvania brigades totaled 1,774. In addition, Brig. Gen. William Maxwell’s New Jersey Brigade, already in the Springfield-Connecticut Farms-Elizabeth area, numbered 879 in its four regiments (Lesser, Sinews of Independence description begins Charles H. Lesser, ed. The Sinews of Independence: Monthly Strength Reports of the Continental Army. Chicago, 1976. description ends , 168). GW’s total infantry strength with which he would confront Lt. Gen. Wilhelm von Knyphausen’s 6,000 was 5,136 of all ranks.

On this date, GW’s aide-de-camp Alexander Hamilton wrote Major General Steuben from headquarters: “I am commanded by The General to inform you that the enemy are out in considerable force and by the last advice were advancing this way. We are going to meet them. The General is just setting out for Chatham and will be happy to see you there” (Hamilton Papers description begins Harold C. Syrett et al., eds. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. 27 vols. New York, 1961–87. description ends , 2:335).