To James Madison from Frederick Jacob Wichelhausen, 4 December 1806
From Frederick Jacob Wichelhausen
Bremen, the 4th December 1806.
Sir;
On the 25th Ult; I had last the honor of addressing you, assuring you of the great change which had taken place in Bremen.
Since that time several french and dutch Regiments have still entered this City, and been quartered with the Citizens: the Generals Savarey, Schramm and Dumonceau have likewise arrived here, the first of them is the Comman⟨der⟩ in Chief of the french dutch army in this neighbourhood.
Colonel Clement left this city again yesterday, and Colonel Jament is now Commander of this City; it seems however, as if the rigorous measures, whic⟨h⟩ have been taken on the first entering of the french troops against the government of this City, have been somewhat moderated, by declaring the Senate to remain in Office as before, and by taking the Seals off again from the public Cash, leaving the same again to the disposal of the Senate. However as much this measure has been joyfully observed by the inhabitants of this City yet a decree, which has been issued at Berlin under date the 21st. Ult: by the Emperor Napoleon, has occasioned again the greatest consternation amongst the commercial public of this City. I take the liberty to inclose you a Copy of this proclamation,1 whereout you will observe, that the Islands of Great Britain and its Colonies, have been declared in a state of blockade by the Emperor Napoleon, and all Communication and Correspondence with England entirely prohibited to those Nations, which are under the controul of the french Government. In order to execute the 4th and 5th Articles of this decree, all navigation was stopped on this river, and even Waggons laden with merchandize were not allowed to leave this City. As several goods for american account were still to be shipped on board of the American Ship Union, I applied to Colonel Clement, for making an exception in regard to a nation, which I flattered myself was on the best terms with the french government, I received however a negative answer; the inclosed two letters will give you the particulars of my negotiation with this officer.2
The american Ship Philip arrived here from Baltimore with a rich Cargo of american and West India Produces belonging to several american and bremen Merchants, and although the navigation from Brake, the usual place of mooring and unloading of vessels arriving in this River, to Bremen has been given free for such goods which do not come from England and its Colonies, yet I have had great trouble and vexation in order to obtain permission for unloading said vessel, and the sundry merchants, to whom the Cargo is consigned have been obliged to pay near 200 rix dollars for Certificates to the french and dutch Agents, to certify their property, as they would not allow my certificates to pass, which I had offered to grant, without charging the least fee for the same. As General Dændels, who resides at present in Emden, commands those troops which have occupied Oldenburg, Brake, Elsfleth and the Countries situated on the Weser, below the territory of this City, I shall probably make proper representations about these wrongs to said General in order to obtain a free Navigation for the american trade, and to deliberate the same from Additional Charges and Imposts, which never before have been imposed on, and which will greatly interrupt the Commerce of the United States with Bremen. Finally I beg leave to assure you, that on my part no endeavors will be wanting, nor difficulty regarded to defend the true interest and advantage of the Navigation and Trade of the United States of America to this Port. With the most profound Respect, I have the honor to remain, Sir; Your most obedient and humble Servant
Fred Jacob Wichelhausen
RC and enclosures (DNA: RG 59, CD, Bremen, vol. 1). Enclosures docketed by Graham: “Inclosed in Mr. Wichelhausens Letter of the 4th Decr. 1806.” For enclosures, see nn. 1 and 2.
1. Wichelhausen enclosed a printed copy of the 21 November 1806 Berlin Decree (1 p.; in French) with a printed German translation (1 p.).
2. The enclosures are copies of Wichelhausen to Jacques-Valère Clément, 27 Nov. 1806, and Clément to Wichelhausen, 27 Nov. 1806 (1 p.; in French). Wichelhausen argued that the embargo on shipping along the Weser River should not extend to American ships and requested a certificate to allow the American vessel Union to leave port with merchandise. Clément responded that the prohibition on shipping along the Elbe and Weser Rivers extended to all nations and that he could not issue a certificate for the Union. He noted, however, that he expected that French authorities would soon soften the measure.