The enclosed first number was probably [Carey], To the Citizens of the U. States. No. I, a printed broadside dated 25 Aug. 1823 and signed “HAMILTON,” which stated that while the United States earned about $50 million a year from growing cotton, Great Britain collected the equivalent of $162 million by manufacturing and selling goods made from it; contended that “the people of the United States are at least as industrious, as enterprising, and as ingenious, as the people of Great Britain; and possess vastly more advantages in variety of soil, climate, natural productions, water power, mighty rivers, freedom from taxes, cheapness of land, trifling debt, unexpensive government, &c.”; argued that additional industrial encouragement was necessary; and lamented that until changes were made to its typical practice of exporting raw materials and importing finished goods, the United States would continue to “squander away the choicest bounties of nature” (DLC: Printed Ephemera Collection).

On 16 Oct. 1823 Carey wrote James Madison a similar letter covering three copies of the work enclosed here (Madison, Papers, Retirement Ser. description begins William T. Hutchinson, Robert A. Rutland, John C. A. Stagg, and others, eds., The Papers of James Madison, 1962– : Congress. Ser., Pres. Ser., Retirement Ser., Sec. of State Ser. description ends , 3:142).