Thomas Jefferson Papers

Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 30 April 1823

To James Madison

Monticello Apr. 30. 23.

Dear Sir

The anxieties expressed in the inclosed letter are pointed to 3. articles. 1. the size of the lecturing rooms. 2. depositories for the Apparatuses. 3. the arrangement of the seats for the Students. 1. if we could have foretold1 what number of students would come to our University, and what proportion of them would be in attendance on any one Professor at one time, lecturing rooms might have been constructed exactly to hold them. but having no data on which we could act with precision,2 we were obliged to assume some numbers conjecturally. the ordinary lecturing rooms were therefore adapted to3 an audience of about 150.4 students. I question if there ever were more than 25. at any one school of Wm & Mary, at one time, except the Grammar school. I doubt if in Harvard even5 they have 100. in attendance, in any one school, at a time. in the great Medical schools of Philadelphia, N. York Etc.6 there are doubtless more. if any school should go with us beyond the contents of the ordinary lecturing rooms,7 the Oval rooms in the Rotunda will accomodate double the number.8 but no human voice can be habitually exerted to the extent of9 such an audience. we cannot expect our Professors to bawl daily to multitudes as our stump orators do once a year.10 they must break the numbers into two or more parts accomodated to voice and hearing,11 & repeat the lecture to them separately.

2. The Apparatus for Natural philosophy, even the fullest, does not occupy much space. not more than may be arranged on shelves along the walls of the lecturing rooms. if more space however should be wanting, a door of communication with12 the adjacent dormitories will supply it to any extent. an Astronomical apparatus must have more room. my expectation has always been that the houses now occupied by mr Brockenbrough must, in the beginning, be taken, and perhaps improved for Astronomical purposes. their insulated situation, & the elevation of the ground fit the position for that purpose. but if the Professor prefers having his apparatus13 annexed to his lecturing room, the adjacent dormitories offer an abundant resource. for the Professor of Chemistry, such experiments as require the use of furnaces, cannot be exhibited14 in his ordinary lecturing room. we therefore prepare the rooms under the Oval rooms of the ground-floor of the Rotunda15 for furnaces, stoves16 Etc. these rooms are of 1100. square feet area each.

3. as to the arrangement of the seats, some schools require them to be by steps, one above another, others not. Natural philosophy, Chemistry, Anatomy will be the better with rising seats; but such are not at all necessary for lectures on languages, history, ethics, metaphysics, belles lettres, Law, Politics Etc.17 whenever it shall be known what particular Pavilions will be allotted to the Professors of the former schools, the rising18 benches for them can be readily set up.19 no doubt that where the numbers to be prepared20 for are so totally uncertain, their conjectural accomodations will be found to have been miscalculated in some instances, and will require modifications to actual facts when they shall become known. in the mean time our plan is such as to admit much facility of adaptation to varying circumstances.

Immediately after our last meeting I made to the literary board the proposition of letting us recieve our money by suitable instalments; but have no answer as yet. in the mean time our workmen are distressed, the discharged ones especially: and, not to prolong their sufferings by my absence, I put off my visit to Bedford till after our next court.21 ever affectionately & respectfully yours

Th: Jefferson

RC (DLC: Madison Papers). Dft (DLC); on portion of reused address cover; endorsed by TJ as a letter to “Madison James.” Enclosure: enclosure to Madison to TJ, [ca. 28 Apr. 1823].

TJ to James Brown (1780–1859), 8 Apr. 1823, included the proposition to the president and directors of the Literary Fund. Madison provided TJ’s explanations above to Joseph C. Cabell in a letter dated 10 May 1823 (Madison, Papers description begins William T. Hutchinson, Robert A. Rutland, John C. A. Stagg, and others, eds., The Papers of James Madison, 1962– , 43 vols.: Congress. Ser., 17 vols.: Pres. Ser., 11 vols.: Retirement Ser., 3 vols.: Sec. of State Ser., 12 vols. description ends , Retirement Ser., 3:50–1).

1Reworked in Dft from “foreseen.”

2Preceding five words interlined in Dft in place of “to foresee this.”

3In Dft TJ here canceled “150. or 200.”

4Reworked in Dft from “of 150. to 200.”

5Word interlined in Dft.

6Remainder of sentence reworked in Dft from “perhaps there may be more.”

7Preceding eight words interlined in Dft in place of “to more than 200.”

8Preceding three words interlined in Dft in place of “them to 500.”

9Preceding three words interlined in Dft.

10Sentence added perpendicularly in left margin of Dft and keyed to this point.

11Preceding five words interlined in Dft.

12Preceding three words interlined in Dft in place of “into.”

13Preceding three words interlined in Dft in place of “their being.”

14Word interlined in Dft in place of “ventured.”

15Preceding three words added in margin of RC and interlined in Dft.

16Word interlined in Dft.

17Omitted period at right margin editorially supplied.

18Word interlined in Dft.

19Reworked in Dft from “can be set up just as readily as the dressers, boilers Etc of the kitchen.”

20Reworked in Dft from “provided.”

21Dft ends here.

Index Entries

  • Albemarle County Court, Va. search
  • astronomy; astronomical instruments search
  • astronomy; collegiate education in search
  • belles lettres; collegiate education in search
  • Brockenbrough, Arthur Spicer; as University of Virginia proctor search
  • Cabell, Joseph Carrington; as member of University of Virginia Board of Visitors search
  • chemistry; collegiate education in search
  • ethics; collegiate education in search
  • Harvard University; TJ on search
  • history; collegiate education in search
  • language; collegiate education in search
  • law; collegiate education in search
  • Literary Fund; and loans for University of Virginia search
  • Madison, James (1751–1836); and construction of University of Virginia search
  • Madison, James (1751–1836); as member of University of Virginia Board of Visitors search
  • Madison, James (1751–1836); letters to search
  • medicine; education in search
  • metaphysics; study of search
  • natural philosophy; collegiate education in search
  • politics; collegiate education about government search
  • Poplar Forest (TJ’s Bedford Co. estate); TJ plans visits to search
  • schools and colleges; and lecture halls search
  • schools and colleges; elementary search
  • schools and colleges; Harvard University search
  • schools and colleges; medical search
  • scientific instruments; astronomical search
  • scientific instruments; for University of Virginia search
  • stoves; for University of Virginia search
  • Virginia, University of; Administration and Financial Affairs; funding for search
  • Virginia, University of; Board of Visitors; and construction of University of Virginia search
  • Virginia, University of; Board of Visitors; meetings of search
  • Virginia, University of; Construction and Grounds; proctor’s house search
  • Virginia, University of; Construction and Grounds; Rotunda (library) search
  • Virginia, University of; Construction and Grounds; stoves for search
  • Virginia, University of; Construction and Grounds; wages for workmen search
  • Virginia, University of; Faculty and Curriculum; anatomy professorship search
  • Virginia, University of; Faculty and Curriculum; chemistry, mineralogy, and natural philosophy professorship search
  • Virginia, University of; Faculty and Curriculum; law professorship search
  • Virginia, University of; Faculty and Curriculum; modern languages professorship search
  • Virginia, University of; Faculty and Curriculum; moral philosophy professorship search
  • Virginia, University of; Faculty and Curriculum; scientific instruments for search
  • William and Mary, College of; TJ on search