Thomas Jefferson Papers

Enclosure: Circular Soliciting Information to Improve Education in Kentucky, 13 March 1822

Enclosure

Circular Soliciting Information to Improve Education in Kentucky

SIR,

We take the liberty of addressing you on one of the most important interests of society, the cause of Education. The Legislature of Kentucky, at their last session, made liberal appropriations of money for the benefit of Schools, Academies, Colleges and the University. We were appointed a Committee to collect information and to arrange a plan for carrying into effect, in the best manner possible, the benevolent purposes of the state. We are aware of the difficulty of the task, of the extent of our responsibility, and of the value of the aids which we may derive from the experience of our elder sisters in the Union. We wish to avoid, if possible, the evils attending upon a bad beginning, and to secure to ourselves and to our children, the advantages of a good system from the commencement of our labors. Believing you to be friendly to an object intimately connected with the prosperity and happiness of our common country, and willing to contribute whatever may be in your power to its accomplishment, we beg leave to trouble you with this circular, and to call your attention to the questions subjoined. Any information or suggestions which you may give in aid of our plan, will be gratefully received and faithfully employed. We shall be much obliged to you for as early an attention to our communication as your convenience will permit. Letters can be directed to our Chairman, at Lexington.

With great regard, we are, sir, yours,
W. T. BARRY, Chairman.
D. R. MURRAY,
JOHN POPE,
D. WHITE,
J. R. WITHERSPOON,
W. P. ROPER.
 

QUESTIONS.

1. Has any system of common schools been established by law in your state? 2. If so, are they supported by a public fund, by taxation, or by a charge upon parents and guardians—whose children and wards are sent to school? 3. Are your counties or townships divided into school districts, with one school in each, or otherwise? 4. What officers are employed in carrying into effect your system of schools, how are they appointed, what are their several duties and what their compensation? 5. Are your teachers employed by the month, or at a certain price for each scholar? 6. What is the average price given per month, or per scholar? 7. In what manner is the teacher boarded? 8. Is any particular qualification required in teachers? 9. Can they be removed, and by what authority? 10. Are females ever employed as teachers? 11. If so, what is the difference in cost between male and female teachers? 12. How many months in the year, and at what seasons are your schools kept? 13. How many children usually attend one school? 14. To what kind of superintendance are they subjected? 15. Are they free to all children, or only the children of the poor? 16. Are they attended by children of every class of the community? 17. What portion of children in your community receive the rudiments of education at these schools? 18. What is the probable average expense per month or per year, of educating a child at one of your common schools? 19. What branches of knowledge are taught therein? 20. Of what improvements does your system seem to be susceptible? 21. Do the people of your state appear to be satisfied with the present plan? 22. If you can give a brief detail of the origin and progress of your system, it might afford many useful hints for the guidance of the Commissioners in avoiding those errors which have been discovered in your state only by experience.

Broadside (DLC: TJ Papers, 222:39670). Reprinted in Report of the Kentucky Commissioners description begins Report of the Commissioners appointed by the General Assembly of Kentucky, at their October session 1821, to collect information, prepare and report a System of Common Schools. together with the Report of the Select Committee in the House of Representatives, thereon, Frankfort, 1822 description ends , 28–9.

David R. Murray (1790–1871), merchant, farmer, and public official, was born in Washington County, Kentucky, and settled permanently by 1820 in Breckinridge County. Having enlisted as a sergeant in the militia in 1812, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel three years later and to colonel in 1818. Murray also served in the Kentucky House of Representatives, 1820–22, and as a justice of the peace. The owner of four slaves in 1830, twenty-two in 1850, and nine in 1860, he possessed real estate worth $25,000 in 1850 and property valued at just over $61,000 in 1870 (Henry H. Crittenden, comp., The Crittenden Memoirs [1936], 525; Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Kentucky. Soldiers of the War of 1812 [1891], 8; Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky [1816–17 sess.]: 141 [18 Jan. 1817]; [1817–18 sess.]: 208–9 [30 Jan. 1818]; Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky [1820 sess.]: 3 [16 Oct. 1820]; [1821 sess.]: 3 [15 Oct. 1821]; [1822 sess.]: 3 [21 Oct. 1822]; Taliaferro P. Shaffner, ed., The Kentucky State Register, for the Year 1847 [1847], 54–5; DNA: RG 29, CS, Ky., Breckinridge Co., 1820–70, 1850, 1860 slave schedules; Breckinridge Co. Will Book, 1:350–1; Urbana [Ohio] Union, 7 June 1871; gravestone inscription in Murray Cemetery, Cloverport, Ky.).

David White (ca. 1785–1835), attorney and public official, practiced law in Kentucky from at least 1809, represented Henry County in the state House of Representatives, 1816–18, sat in the state Senate in 1820, and held a seat in the United States House of Representatives, 1823–25. He supported John Quincy Adams in the 1824 presidential election and Andrew Jackson in 1828. After his congressional term ended, White served briefly as president of the Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1825. He then returned to the legislature’s lower house, representing Franklin County, 1826–27, and Anderson County, 1828–29 and 1830–31. The owner of three slaves in 1830, White was a circuit court judge, 1833–35, and a resident of Franklin County at the time of his death (Frankfort Argus of Western America, 18 Feb. 1809; Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky [1816–17 sess.]: 4 [2 Dec. 1816]; [1817–18 sess.]: 4 [1 Dec. 1817]; [1826–27 sess.]: 3 [4 Dec. 1826]; [1828–29 sess.]: 3 [1 Dec. 1828]; [1830–31 sess.]: 3 [6 Dec. 1830]; Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky [1820 sess.]: 3 [16 Oct. 1820]; Clay, Papers description begins James F. Hopkins and others, eds., The Papers of Henry Clay, 1959–92, 11 vols. description ends ; Philadelphia National Gazette and Literary Register, 8 Oct. 1825; DNA: RG 29, CS, Ky., Anderson Co., 1830; Washington Globe, 22 July 1833; Lexington Observer and Reporter, 25 Feb. 1835; American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge 7 [1836]: 311).

John Ramsey Witherspoon (1774–1852), physician and public official, was born in Prince Frederick Parish, South Carolina. He attended the College of New Jersey (later Princeton University), 1792–94, during which time he served as an amanuensis for his distant cousin John Witherspoon, the school’s president. After he graduated, the younger Witherspoon returned to South Carolina and established a medical practice in Christ Church Parish, which he represented in the South Carolina House of Representatives, 1803–09. He relocated to Kentucky the following year and by 1820 owned fifty-one slaves in Fayette County. Witherspoon became a trustee of Transylvania University in 1815 and held a seat in the Kentucky House of Representatives, 1821–22. By 1830 he was living, along with ninety slaves, in Greene County, Alabama. Having settled permanently on a plantation in that county near Greensboro, Witherspoon possessed sixty-two slaves and real estate worth $6,790 in 1850 (Princetonians description begins James McLachlan and others, eds., Princetonians: A Biographical Dictionary, 1976–90, 5 vols. description ends , 1791–94, pp. 464–7; BDSCHR description begins Walter B. Edgar and others, eds., Biographical Directory of the South Carolina House of Representatives, 1974– , 5 vols. description ends , 4:611–2; Joseph Bailey Witherspoon, The History and Genealogy of the Witherspoon Family (1400–1972) [1973], 137–42; Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky [1815–16 sess.]: 219 [26 Jan. 1816]; [1821 sess.]: 3 [15 Oct. 1821]; [1822 sess.]: 3 [21 Oct. 1822]; DNA: RG 29, CS, Ky., Fayette Co., 1820, Ala., Greene Co., 1830–50, 1850 slave schedules; gravestone inscription in Stokes Cemetery, Greensboro).

William P. Roper (d. 1833), attorney and public official, represented Fleming County in the Kentucky House of Representatives, 1805 and 1811–12, and in the state Senate, 1820–24. He numbered Henry Clay among his legal clients. Having been appointed a commonwealth’s attorney in 1817, Roper served as a circuit court judge, 1824–33. He owned seven slaves in 1820 and nineteen a decade later (Lexington Kentucky Gazette and General Advertiser, 13 Aug. 1805; Frankfort, Ky., Palladium, 17 Aug. 1811; Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky [1816–17 sess.]: 241–2 [5 Feb. 1817]; [1820 sess.]: 3 [16 Oct. 1820]; [1821 sess.]: 3 [15 Oct. 1821]; [1822 sess.]: 28 [24 Oct. 1822]; [1823–24 sess.]: 3 [3 Nov. 1823]; [1824–25 sess.]: 94 [23 Nov. 1824]; [1833–34 sess.]: 34 [4 Jan. 1834]; Clay, Papers description begins James F. Hopkins and others, eds., The Papers of Henry Clay, 1959–92, 11 vols. description ends , 2:340, 575, 884, 3:142; DNA: RG 29, CS, Ky., Fleming Co., 1820, 1830; Lexington Observer and Reporter, 21 Aug. 1833).

William T. Barry also sent copies of this circular to John Adams and James Madison late in June 1822 (MHi: Adams Papers; Madison, Papers, Retirement Ser., 2:493–5, 539–40).

Index Entries

  • Adams, John; and education search
  • Barry, William Taylor; circular on education search
  • education; in Ky. search
  • Kentucky; education in search
  • Kentucky; legislature of search
  • Madison, James (1751–1836); and education in Ky. search
  • Murray, David R.; and public education in Ky. search
  • Murray, David R.; identified search
  • Pope, John; and public education in Ky. search
  • Roper, William P.; circular on education search
  • Roper, William P.; identified search
  • schools and colleges; Transylvania University (Lexington, Ky.) search
  • Transylvania University (Lexington, Ky.); funds for search
  • White, David (ca.1785–1835); circular on education search
  • White, David (ca.1785–1835); identified search
  • Witherspoon, John Ramsey; and public education in Ky. search
  • Witherspoon, John Ramsey; identified search