Thomas Jefferson Papers

To Thomas Jefferson from Philippe Reibelt, 18 May 1805

From Philippe Reibelt

Baltimore le 18 Mai 1805

Monsieur le President!

C’est sur votre billet de hier, que j’ose Vous prier, de vouloir bien garder la Notice de la Gallerie des Antiques, et le Catalogue des estampes du Museum—et que j’ai en même tems l’honneur de Vous envoÿer çijoint tout ce, qui me reste des Grains du Quarantino avec les Observations necessaires.

Daignez accepter mes bien profonds et bien sincere respects

Reibelt

Editors’ Translation

Baltimore, 18 May 1805

Mister President!

I take the liberty of writing about your note from yesterday to ask that you keep the announcement from the antique gallery and the catalog of museum prints. I also have the honor of enclosing all my remaining Quarantino corn seeds with the necessary instructions.

Please accept my very profound and sincere regards.

Reibelt

RC (DLC); endorsed by TJ as received 19 May and so recorded in SJL. Enclosure: excerpt of an article on a strain of Italian maize, published in a German-language Swiss journal at the request of the economic society of Bern by its representative, Mr. Morell; the variety must be kept separate from larger strains to prevent crossbreeding; it normally grows two and a half to four feet high and typically produces three or four ears, though sometimes only two; ears are usually two and a half to three inches (French measure) and rarely more than five inches; the seeds are always golden yellow, never reddish; it is planted and harvested within 40 days and is sowed three times on the same land, in March, May, and July; a warm summer followed by a mild autumn always results in a successful last harvest; the corn thrives in hot, humid weather; in dry conditions, seeds should be planted close together; even with irrigation, seeds should grow no more than eight to ten inches apart; the seeds need only be planted one to one and a half inches deep; this corn does not deplete the land like larger varieties; the masculine seeds do not require cutting; the plants can produce lycopodium; the ears can be thrashed by putting them in bags and stomping on them; the kernels come off easily; a first planting near Bern, using three-quarters of a pound of seeds on an open 800-square-foot plot at a density of one seed per foot, produced 16 pounds of seed in unfavorable weather conditions; the second planting, on an open, unfertilized field that was hand sown and tilled, and pruned twice, produced 86 pounds of kernels; the third planting was on a 40,000-square-foot field and produced 8,266 pounds of kernels, despite cool and wet conditions and the ravages of curious visitors, children, birds, and a hail storm; when mixed with rye or wheat, the corn flour produces delicious bread and porridges; Italians use it for dishes such as macaroni and polenta; its most lucrative product is alcohol (MS in same; undated; in Reibelt’s hand, in French).

Observations necessaires: Reibelt appears to have composed his excerpt from an account by the Bern-based chemist and botanist Karl Friedrich Morell, who conducted experiments with the quarantino variety of corn in 1802 and 1803. His account was subsequently cited as an 1804 article entitled “Erfahrungen über das kleine Mais” (Georg Christoph Hamberger and Johann Georg Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland: oder, Lexikon der jetzt lebenden teutschen Schriftsteller [Lemgo, Germany, 1810], 591; François Ledermann, ed., Festschrift zum 150jährigen Bestehen des Schweizerischen Apothekervereins [Bern, 1993], 248).

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