Thomas Jefferson Papers

To Thomas Jefferson from John Francis Vacher, 23 March 1805

From John Francis Vacher

New York March 23d 1805

Sir

I was Just about adressing Your Excellency on the forwardness of my work and anticepating the Satisfaction its variety presents when the enclosed of Mr Jonathan Dayton appear’d: a copy of which I transmitted to the Secretary of the treasury, with my application in behalf of my Son for the Agency of the Board of Commissioners, to be established at St Loüis, or in any other office under the Same law, but St Loüis to have the preference; and wait for my Son’s arrival from New Jersey to ascertain his intention thereon. his presence here, and his strong desire to Serve his Country, have not only prompted him to approve of my Steps but yet to make a personnal application for the Same office to the Secretary by the Same post which conveys the present

It would have been more Satisfactory to my feelings had this favour Sprung from my political friends, either in new Jersey or in this State; and Yet it must be pleasing to me that a person Whose political Conduct I reprobated in propria persona but with decency, Should of his own accord, do me good without my even dreaming of it.

My Son is going on twenty four Years. I began his education by Sending him to canada where he Stay’d nearly one Year, wherefrom he brought a good french accent, that he has rather improved, and I make no doubt that a year’s application in a french town, would render him so capable, as to find no difference between him and french natives. he translates it as well as any one in America, he has the Knowledge which the ancient and french languages may prompt to the Spanish, has had a Collegiate education; and Suffer’d not a little in Philadelphia by the prosecutors of the System of terror, I Suppose on my account as well as on his own. he has Studied the law for five Years. he is honest or else I would not countenance him in any thing. he possesses a beautifull Orgon, and his Masters think him fit for the Bar; and he is an attorney at law in New Jersey Since last fall.

I enclosed in my adress to the Secretary of the Treasury, recommendations from Doctr Mitchill, and from Mr Fairlie, then our Vice Mayor; and Yet although I was honor’d with a letter from You last Year and recommended by the two Gentlemen whose Character is well established, was I not Satisfyed in my mind to direct You the present unless I Should be further recommended. when luck brought in the City our very respectable Exgovernor the Vice president of the United States, whose very great favour is here annexed.

Should your Excellency in Consequence of my Incapacity to tender my Son any further pecuniary Service So as to carry him through the perillous path young and poor attorneys have to follow, and that he and my-Self Should appear to you worthy of your attention, I hope he Shall behave to do Justice to the appointment, in case the Secretary of the treasury Should have presented his Name in good time to Your Excellency. and Should any thing disapoint my expectation, I beg of you to believe that as Interest has never been a motive for me; in this world of Misery, of anxiety, of error, that I will never be deterr’d from admiring your talents, your virtue, and Your good and great and humane Soul. for if I have ever had it in my mind to have been in a Situation a little above my common mediocrity it has been with no other desire than to have been able to have had the Sight of you once in Every two or three weaks, and to have had the Chance to frequent Sober, desinterested and learned Men. but So scarce alas! they are about here, that which Side Soever a man turns him-Self, he Sees nothing but depravity. ô Albany!!

What follows was to be the begining of the letter I contemplated to adress you—before Mr Dayton’s Favor.

at my return to this City I Saw every where your portrait under different impressions. Some of them had no Inscription, Some had one of Some fourteen or sixteen long lines. I thought to offer you the following with the hope that in future the artists may have them under Your portrait

De la fière Albion la tirannique chaine,
fut brisée a sa voix.
 
{ Il fait de l’age d’or reparaitre les loix
* Il fit
Et L’embellissement de la Nature humaine.


but Such is the difficulty in versification that though it appears at a glance beautifull, reflection will lead us into numberless deffects and all writers will more or less fall into them. for example here is Voltaire’s Inscription

Le celebre ecrivain, dont tu vois la gravure
Sur le bord du leman fit admirer Sa voix
L’apollon de nos Jours il fut l’ami des roix
Et le peintre de la nature

each line Signifies the Same thing—Dont tu vois la gravure—is needless. the first Six lines of the henriade of that great writer, of that very humane Man! the priests of this Country, Stigmatise so much without having Seen a line of his precious works, are deffectuous in that kind of pleonasm. Henry 4th reign’d on france by right of Conquest—knew how to conquer, confounded—which is also here to conquer, the league Mayene and Spain—and was the conqueror of his Subjects. I was guilty of a most absurd pleonasm in the last letter I had the honor to adress you. but it was gone, and I know that it is impossible for me ever to attain english idiom, unless I Should make a Study of it.

Line 19th of the first canto of the Gaitiade I had the honor to present to You—it reads Et toi Monticello. that Italian word, was a great1 Burthen on my Shoulders; & have finally gallifyed it. and line 20—du Monde les delices—although that inversion has nothing desagreeable, yet it is not elegant, besides, I never liked the Shortness of the Episode. as to the work, it goes on, It has eight cantoes already; and much longer than what I had first projected, So much is to be Said on our beautifull revolution!

please to believe Sir that, had I been a man with dispositions, to flatter and to heap gold; that I would have Stay’d in france, or here, I would have prostituted my Self to the altar of plutus, during the funding System. the very money I spent to send and to keep, my Son to canada with that of his Mother’s Journey at trois rivieres to fetch him back, would have brought me several thousands of acres of land from my fellow Soldiers. no. I refused. I would not touch at the bane. the woods, the solitude; where my three daughters have finally dragg’d me from: Sobriety to exces, have had more charms for me. therefore Sir please to think, it is your virtue that I admire! and that happy medium, reason! that Sister of the gods which leads you. why did I not take general washington for the hero of the poem? his name his great now, he deserves much for his cunctatorship, for his exertion at trenton and princeton, but he forsook he Sacrificed! his Soldiers to vanpires. he may in many respects be compared to lewis the 14th particularly in his vanity. why did I not throw my-Self under the wings of Mr adams? no. I waged an eternal war to his principles; and to those of his vile and barbarous Satellites, at the risk of my life, it is publick in Morris County. Judge pennington from new Jersey was present, when I braved a whole hord of usurers and tories at new ark, at the eve of the Sedition law, by pertinent observations where I expected a Second time, to find my-Self, in a very uncertain existence. but Such are Men that many of our former adherents here, after having amass’d gold, scarcely know me, whilst others are Selling their Country, the honor of america, at albany, and that for 2 or 3 hundred Dollars. wonderfull! arnold was a virtuous Man, to Such a villanous baseness. finally Mr adams will have his dues, for his appeal to the godess of liberty, and mutilate her so wretchedly, as he has done to Squeeze down hundred thousand dollars more, which he miss’t.—here follows the alteration in the episode in Canto first

Et toi de Monticelle en bien-faits si feconde,

Source de la Splendeur des delices du Monde

Ô terre! qui di front de tes monts Sourcilleux,

reçus du haut Olympe, et de la main des Dieux

pour ces vastes États le plus bel apanage;

et pour le Monde entier le savant et le sage.

Puissé-Je etre inspiré par Ses actes humains.

Puisse ma Muse encor, aux Sons des chants divins,

Du chantre Mantouan D’homère et de pindare;

rendre graces aux dieux d’un present aussi rare,

Dans les nobles vertus de ton nouveau Solon.

et que favorisé de la cour D’apollon

Je celèbre mon vers atteignant cette Sphere

ton pupille, ton nom Jusqu’au bout de la terre.

Nombres armonieux du Chantre Mantouan,

Qui sutes illustrer les bords du Caïetan.

Rivages fortunés de la grande Hesperie:

où ce chef des troyens qui fuyant Sa patrie,

en remplissant les vœux des dieux et des Destins

avant de voir les bords des antiques latins;

perd Sa mere de lait. pour illustrer la cendre

du Sein qui le nourrit aux rives du Scamendre.

Pieux, reconnaissant dès l’age du berceau,

Eleve a Sa nourrire un Superbe tombeau.

par le quel depuis lors, cette belle contrée

fut, et Sera du nom Gaïete honorée.

Et qui Sutes encore avec tant de grandeur

peindre la bienveillance adoucer la fureur

du Monstre qui nourrit et remus et Romulé

dans un antre proffond Sur les bords de L’albule.

Et reunir encore en leur Sublimité,

A la perseverance a tant de piété

Les actes de valeur, les Amours de cet homme!

Celebrer les heros, et les sages de Rome

Et pour plaire au tiran de L’univers Connu

Imprimer l’air du vrai par un charme ingenu

aux contes merveilleux de ces antiques ages!

Que n’eussiez vous pas dit des heros et des Sages:

La gloire et la Splendeur de cet autre univers

et du sage Surtout qui m’inspire ces Vers,

qui fit naitre un empire aussi grande que le votre

et d’un seul trait de plume il nous en donne un autre?

Magiques Precepteurs de L’antique Albion

De l’ebre et de la Gaule et du Septentrion:

Bordes du merveilleus des rives du Bosphore

Du Nil, du Zenderouth, des Peuples de L’aurore!

Charmes de L’univers! charmes de tous les tems

Que neussent pas chanté vos Sublimes accens?

Eussiez-en devant vous un aussi beau Modele

Que L’est L’astre brillant des cieux de Monticelle.

Par Minerve Inspiré le peuple en fit le Choix &c.

Canto the viiith roils upon George’s lunacy, the Shade of Sully appears to Franklin, instructing him with the Character of the King the Queen—and court of france, their love intrigues. franklin relates to the Queen how venus Settles the woods of america, fashionable way of love making in new england. this with extracts of the two antecedent cantoes will make the subject of another adress, which I beg of your Excellency to accept and as there is a little room lef in the Sheet I will inser a few lines on the unacountable coquetery of Some american ladies extracted from canto viii vers 593

Le Sage cependant ayant repris haleine

constant dans Ses desseins pour complaire a la reine,

reprend son entretient, et disant “parmalheur

il est de ces beautés qui manquant de candeur,

Soit pour Se faire un nom, Sont encor par Vengeance,

Sous les dehors trompeurs d’une belle apparence.

ont l’art d’envelopper pour remplir leurs objets

L’amant de bonne foi dans leurs obscurs projets;

Qui dès que son amour par de faits Se déclare

ces filles de Medée ont l’ame assez barbare

d’arracher le bandeau de leur ressentiment

et d’exposer les faits du malheureux amant.”

Belles si vous voulez que vôtre modestie

triomphe de L’erreur de la Coqueterie.

Que vos charmes divins, ne Servent que d’éclat

aux plus austeres loix de votre célibat.

Sachez que la pudeur et non de feintes larmes

Sont contre L’indiscret vos plus puissantes armes.

Fut-ce un Seigneur, un prince! un Seul de vos regards

Anéantit la Fougue ou d’hercule ou de Mars

Et qu’il n’est de milieu qui celèbre ou qui blesse

entre les sentiments de phedre et du lucrece.

Et qu’els que de vos feux puissent être les traits

faites vous une loi de les taire a Jamais.

car de L’homme toujours vous etes la victime:

lui qui sait que ce feu n’est ni vice ni crime

que lorsque Sa fureur porte à des attentats:

Quant à phedre et didon ne les imitez pas.

Mais comme la ses travaux presque inconpréhensibles,

la nature vous fit et tendres et Sensibles.

Et qu’amour dans le fort de vos Jours perilleux

venant vous inonder d’un torrent de Ses feux,

D’ès l’elan d’une course un peu trop effrenée;

vous prive des douceurs d’un heureux hyménée

Meprisant de troquer vos charmes pour de l’or

imitez de polly le courageux essor

Dont l’histoire franklin pour votre independance

raconta comme Suit a la reine de France &c

I am with Respect Sir of Your Excellency Your Excellency’s Most obedient and very humble Servant

John F. Vacher

Editors’ Translation

[From Canto I:]

And you of Monticello, so fertile in good deeds,

Source of the splendor of the world’s delights,

O earth! which from the face of your furrowed mountains

Received from high Olympus, from the hands of the gods,

The best privilege for these vast states

And for the whole world, the scholar and sage.

May I be inspired by his human acts.

May my muse, borrowing once again the divine song,

Of the poet of Mantua, Homer, and of Pindar,

Thank the gods for such a rare gift.

May my verses reach that sphere as I celebrate

In the noble virtues of your new Solon,

Favored by Apollo’s court.

Your pupil and your name to the ends of the earth.

Harmonious rhythms of the Mantuan singer

Who brought prestige to the banks of the Caïetan,

Blessed shores of the great Hesperides

Where the Trojan leader, fleeing his country

To fulfill the wishes of gods and fates

Lost his wet-nurse before reaching the shores of the ancient Latins.

Pious and grateful since childhood,

He built a superb tomb to her

To immortalize the ashes from the milk

That had nourished him on the banks of the Scamander.

This beautiful country was and will forever be honored with the name of Caieta.

With such grandeur he also knew how to depict good will

And calm the fury of the monster that nourished Romulus and Remus

In a deep cave on the Tiber’s shores.

He also knew how to unite

Sublime piety with sublime perseverance,

The acts of valor and the loves of this man!

He could celebrate the heroes and wise men of Rome

And please the tyrant of the known world;

Convey with disarming charm an air of truth

To the marvelous tales of ancient times!

What would you not have said of these heroes and sages:

The glory and splendor of that other universe

And of the sage, above all, who inspires my verses,

Who gave birth to an empire as large as yours

And with a single penstroke gives us another?

Magic preceptors of ancient Albion

From the Ebre to Gaul and the north;

The marvelous shores of the Bosporus,

The Nile, the Zayanderud, and peoples of the East?

The charms of the Universe! Eternal charms.

What would you not have sung with your sublime accent

If you had had before you as worthy model

The brilliant star of the Monticello sky?

Inspired by Minerva, the people chose, etc.


[From Canto VIII:]

The Sage however, finding never-ending inspiration

In his plan to please the queen

Resumes his conversation, saying “Alas,

There are some beautiful women who lack candor.

Whether to make a name for themselves, or out of vengeance,

Under the deceptive mien of a beautiful appearance,

They envelope their well-meaning lovers

In their dark designs.

As soon as he demonstrates his love in acts

These daughters of Medea are savage enough

To rip the cover from their resentment

And expose the acts of the unfortunate lover.”

You are beautiful if you wish your modesty

To triumph over the error of coquetishness.

May your divine charms serve only to illuminate

The most austere laws of your chastity.

Know that modesty rather than feigned tears

Is the strongest weapon against indiscretion.

Even if it is a lord, a prince! One of your glances

Can extinguish the rage of Hercules or Mars.

Between the sentiments of Phaedra and Lucretia there is no middle ground

which celebrates or wounds.

Vow to keep them forever secret

For you are always the victim of a man.

He knows this passion is neither vice nor crime

Until its furor leads to acts.

Imitate neither Phaedra nor Dido.

Nature in her almost incomprehensible way

Made you tender and sensitive.

When love comes with the speed of an all-too-terrifying race

To flood you with a torrent of fire

In the midst of your perilous days

And deprives you of the sweetness of a happy union,

Refuse to trade your charms for gold,

And imitate the courageous flight of Polly

Whose story Franklin for your independence

Thus related to the Queen of France, etc.

RC (DNA: RG 59, LAR); at foot of text: “His Excellency Thomas Jefferson Esqr President of the United States”; endorsed by TJ as received 1 Apr. and so recorded in SJL. Enclosure: Jonathan Dayton to Vacher, 10 Mch., from Washington; Dayton has recommended Vacher’s son to Gallatin for a position on one of the land commissions in Orleans Territory or Louisiana Territory; he advises St. Louis as a preferred location and believes that although less well paid than the position of clerk, the job of “Agent” would “be more in line with your son’s profession, and be less troublesome” (Tr in same). Other enclosure not found.

my application in behalf of my Son: in a letter of 16 Mch. to Gallatin, Vacher recommended his son, Francis Vacher, as a land commissioner at St. Louis, with Natchitoches as a second choice. He also enclosed a recommendation of 16 Mch. from James Fairlie, who informed Gallatin that the younger Vacher had “considerable talents,” and a letter of 15 Mch. from Samuel Mitchill, who praised the elder Vacher’s consistent republicanism and private worth. In a subsequent letter of 23 Mch. to Gallatin, the elder Vacher enclosed a letter of the same day from his son to Gallatin, requesting a commission at St. Louis or another office and pledging “by an upright conduct to do honor to your appointment” (RCs and Tr in same; Francis Vacher to Gallatin, 23 Mch., endorsed by TJ: “Vacher Francis. to be Agent or Comr. Louis”).

De la fière Albion: that is, his voice broke the tyrannical chain of the proud Albion. He restored the laws of the golden age.

Voltaire’s Inscription: “The famed writer, whose image you see on the shore of Lake Geneva, was admired for his voice. The Apollo of our times, he was the friend of kings and the painter of nature.”

last letter: Vol. 43:153-8.

du Monde les delices: that is, the delights of the world.

cunctatorship: that is, a strategy of delay, inspired by the Latin nickname for a Roman consul who fought Hannibal through attrition rather than pitched battle (OED description begins J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, eds., The Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford, 1989, 20 vols. description ends ; Oxford Classical Dictionary, s.v. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Quintus).

chantre Mantouan: Virgil. Much of the canto Vacher composed involves a gloss on the Aeneid, including the reference to the bay at Gaeta (les bords du Caïetan), where Aeneas was said to have erected a tomb to his wet-nurse, Caieta (Aeneid, 7.1-4).

raconta comme Suit: Vacher elaborated on the story Benjamin Franklin told to Marie Antoinette in a different canto, which he enclosed in a letter of 13 May to TJ.

1Vacher interlined “heavy” and connected the two words with a brace.

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