John Lewis Guillemard (1764–1844) was born in England to a Huguenot family. In 1786 he received a B.A. degree from Saint John’s College, Oxford University. Guillemard traveled to the United States in the 1790s, and in 1796 he visited Monticello with the Duc de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt. While in Philadelphia in 1797, Guillemard served on a commission established under the Jay Treaty to help settle British creditors’ pre-Revolutionary claims. He was a member or officeholder in numerous American and British learned societies, including the American Philosophical Society, the Linnean Society of London, the Royal Asiatic Society, the Royal Geographical Society, the Royal Institution, and the Royal Society of London (PTJ description begins Julian P. Boyd, Charles T. Cullen, John Catanzariti, Barbara B. Oberg, and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 1950– , 38 vols. description ends , 29:149n, 154–5; Joseph Jackson Howard, ed., Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, new ser., 3 [1880]: 388; Notes and Records of the Royal Society 3 [1940–41]: 95–6; John Bassett Moore, History and Digest of the International Arbitrations to which the United States has been a Party [1898], 1:271–94; APS description begins American Philosophical Society description ends , Minutes, 21 July 1797 [MS in PPAmP]; Annals of Natural History; or, Magazine of Zoology, Botany and Geology 1 [1838]: 412; Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 5 [1839]: xxii; Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 1 [1832]: xvi; Royal Institution of Great Britain, A List of the Members, Officers, and Professors [1863], iv; Jackson’s Oxford Journal, 30 Nov. 1844).

Cosimo Ridolfi (1794–1865), agriculturist and politician, was a native of Florence. In the 1820s he traveled in Europe studying farming practices, and he eventually established an agricultural school on his estate at Meleto. Ridolfi later taught agricultural courses at the University of Pisa. He served in 1849 as a minister of Leopold II, grand duke of Tuscany, and later he was a senator of the unified country of Italy. In 1860 he was elected director of the Museum of Physics and Natural History in Florence (Raffaello Lambruschini, Elogio del presidente March. Cosimo Ridolfi letto alla R. Accademia dei Georgofili [1866]).

By signor mazzinghi Guillemard apparently meant Philip Mazzei. revolution at naples: Napoleon’s brother-in-law Joachim Murat, king of Naples, kept his throne by joining the allied powers early in 1814. After Napoleon’s return from Elba, however, Murat attacked the Austrian forces in northern Italy and was defeated. Naples returned to Bourbon rule thereafter, and Murat was executed after a final rebellion failed (Connelly, Napoleonic France description begins Owen Connelly and others, eds., Historical Dictionary of Napoleonic France, 1799–1815, 1985 description ends , 346–7, 352). In May 1815 Isaac weld took the steamboat Thames from Dún Laoghaire, Ireland, to London (ODNB description begins H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison, eds., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004, 60 vols. description ends ; George Dodd, An Historical and Explanatory Dissertation on Steam-Engines … concluding with A Narrative, by Isaac Weld, Esq., of the Interesting Voyage of the Thames Steam-Yacht [London, 1818], 253–80).