Noël de la Morinière to Thomas Jefferson, 5 February 1813
From Noël de la Morinière
Paris, le 5 fevrier. 1813.
Monsieur le Président!
J’ai l’honneur de vous adresser le Programme de l’Histoire des poissons utiles, dont je vous prie de faire agréer l’hommage à l’illustre Société des Sciences de Philadelphie.
Pour imprimer à cet ouvrage le degré de perfection, qu’il est Susceptible d’acquerir, j’aurais besoin de quelques renseignements sur les poissons des rivieres et de mer de l’Amérique Septentrionale. la Société des Sciences de Philadelphie compte, Sans doute, au nombre de Ses membres, plusieurs de ces hommes, voués au progrès des connoissances physiques, qui marchant sur les traces des Linné, des Bloch, des La Cépede, ajouttant chaque année, de nouvelles richesses au domaine de l’Icthyologie et auxquels l’objet de ma demande Sera extrémement familier.
Je désirerois quelques renseignements particuliers sur les douzes principales espèces de poissons utiles, qui Se trouvent dans les rivieres des Etats-unis, considérés Sous le Rapport des avantages qu’en retire la société. Ces poissons, consommés frais ou Salés, deviennent nécéssairement la matière d’une pêche et d’un commerce: Tels sont l’Esturgeon, le Saumon, l’Alose, le Hareng même, lorsqu’il remonte les grandes rivieres.
Je n’aurai rien présumé de trop, Monsieur le Président, en me flattant que le zèle très connu de la société de Philadelphie, quant au perfectionnement des Sciences et des Arts, la dèterminera à Seconder de tout son pouvoir, le but que je me Suis proposé d’atteindre. Cet échange libéral, Si honorable pour les amis des Sciences, forme, de sous les hommes qui les cultivent, une association rèpublicaine dont les efforts tendent en commun à la recherche de la Vérité.
Je ne posséde qu’un Seul Mémoire Sur les poissons de l’Amérique, celui que renferme le IIe Volume des transactions philosophiques, publié par M. Gilpin. Je dèsirerais, Monsieur, la nomenclature des principales espèces utiles, l’indication des rivières où elles se trouvent, quelques dètails très courts Sur leur maniere d’y vivre et de S’y reproduire, Sur la pêche, le commerce et la consommation qu’on en fait. Pour ne pas abuser de l’Emploi des moments de celui de M. M. les Membres de la société, qui voudra bien donner Ses Soins à ce travail, je prends la liberté de joindre à la présente deux modèles d’information, qui concernent les especes des rivieres, Soit indigènes, soit anadroms. Ces questions doivent varier, Sans doute, mais le fonds subsiste le même et s’applique à beaucoup d’espèces indifferemment.
J’écris aujourdhui à Monsieur le Consul général de france à New-york. Si la Société a quelque pacquet à m’adresser, elle pourra le lui faire remettre; il me le fera parvenir avec les Siens, par la voie la plus prompte, dont il pourrra disposer. Je ne laisserai pas échapper l’occasion de témoigner dans le cours de l’ouvrage, à la société de Philadelphie, la reconnaissance que je lui devrai, pour les renseignements dont je lui aurai eu l’obligation.
Noël de la Morinière
Editors’ Translation
Paris, 5 February. 1813.
Mister President!
I have the honor of sending you the prospectus for the History of Useful Fish, which I ask you kindly to accept as a tribute to the illustrious Philadelphia scientific society.
To bring this work to the peak of perfection, I need some information on the fresh and saltwater fish of North America. The Philadelphia society no doubt has, among its members, several men, devoted to the progress of physical knowledge, who walk in the footsteps of such men as Linnaeus, Bloch, and Lacépède, adding new riches each year to the field of ichthyology and to whom the subject of my request will be very familiar.
I would like specific information about the twelve principal species of useful fish that can be found in the rivers of the United States, considered from the point of view of their usefulness to society. These fish, consumed fresh or salted, are necessarily subject to fishing and commerce: they include sturgeon, salmon, shad, even herring, when they swim upstream in large rivers.
I will not have presumed too much, Mister President, in believing that the well-known zeal of the Philadelphia society, regarding improvements in the arts and sciences, will prompt it to assist me with all its power, in attaining my goal. This liberal exchange, so honorable to the friends of science, forms, under the care of the men who cultivate it, a republican association that collectively strives toward truth.
The only work I possess on the fish of America is that by Mr. Gilpin contained in the second volume of the philosophical transactions. I seek to obtain, Sir, the nomenclature of the principal useful species, information on the rivers where they can be found, a few brief details about their manner of living and reproducing; and how they are fished, bought and sold, and consumed. To avoid placing too great a demand on the time of any society member willing to undertake this work, I enclose with this letter sample questions concerning river species, either indigenous or anadromous. These questions must vary, undoubtedly, but the basis remains the same and applies equally to many species.
I will write today to the French consul general in New York. If the society has a package to send to me, he can convey it. He will forward it to me with his own packages, using the fastest means at his disposal. I will not miss the opportunity of testifying throughout my work to my gratitude to the Philadelphia society for the information it provides me.
Noël de la Morinière
RC (PPAmP: o Ama.” Translation by Dr. Genevieve Moene. Written to TJ in his capacity as president of the American Philosophical Society, but not recorded in SJL and probably never received by him. Enclosure: Noël de la Morinière’s undated, printed prospectus for his Histoire Naturelle Économique et Politique des Poissons Utiles; précédée de celle des morses, des phoques et des cétacées, stating that the work will consist of six quarto volumes illustrated with engravings and including a comprehensive historical review of fisheries from ancient to modern times, covering both French domestic fishing practices and those of foreign nations, an account of the natural history, preservation methods, and commercial fishing and industrial products of useful sea life, including walruses, seals, whales, and bony and cartilaginous fish, and a discussion of the significance of fishing as a way for France to augment its power; acknowledging the assistance he has already received from fellow scientists; promising to dedicate the volumes to Napoleon; and predicting that the first volume will appear by the end of 1812 (PPAmP: Archives, Manuscript Communications). Other enclosure printed below.
Archives, Manuscript Communications); on letterhead; dateline partly printed, with Noël de la Morinière’s handwritten completion indicated in italics; between dateline and salutation: (printed) “S. B. J. NOEL DE LA MORINIÈRE, Naturaliste, Membre de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Turin, etc.” and (in Noël de la Morinière’s hand) “A Monsieur le Président de la Société des Sciences. Philadelphie”; printed at head of text, adjacent to dateline: “Économie maritime. / Histoire / des poissons utiles. / 16.° / Ouvrage fait sous les auspices du Gouvernement”; endorsed at as received 17 Sept. 1813 and containing: “enquiries relative to the Fishes of NSimon Barthélemy Joseph Noël de la Morinière (1765–1822), naturalist and author, was a native of Dieppe, France, who studied law in Rouen and at the University of Caen, 1784–92, while also acquiring extensive knowledge of fish culture. He published a natural history of herring in 1789 and edited the Journal de Rouen, a republican newspaper, from 1792 until 1799. Between 1795 and 1802 Noël de la Morinière authored works on the geography, river navigation, and fisheries of the Seine-Inférieure department in Normandy, as well as treatises on the natural history of smelt and the history of whaling. He served as a commissioner of the Seine-Inférieure, 1800–06, and in the latter year he became inspector general of French fisheries, a position he held until his death. Writing widely on diverse subjects, Noël de la Morinière devoted twenty years to his projected six-volume history of fisheries, but the single volume that he completed appeared in 1815. Two years later he issued a work on economic and political conditions in Latin America. Noël de la Morinière was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1818. The following year the French government directed him to assess fishing resources on the Norwegian coast, and he died in Trondheim, Norway (Eric Wauters, Noël de la Morinière [1765–1822] [2001]; , 38:179–82; , Minutes, 17 Apr. 1818 [MS in PPAmP]).
On 17 Sept. 1813 the American Philosophical Society (société des sciences de philadelphie) “Resolved that M Noel de Morinière be informed by the Secretaries that the Society will communicate his wishes to such members of the Society as have attended to the subject & procure from them the information desired, and that Dr B. S Barton be particularly requested to give his aid” ( , Minutes). John Gilpin’s mémoire was “Observations on the annual Passage of Herrings,” , Transactions 2 (1786): 236–9.
Index Entries
- American Philosophical Society; and fish search
- American Philosophical Society; and Noël de la Morinière’s works search
- American Philosophical Society; members of, foreign search
- American Philosophical Society; TJ as president of search
- Barton, Benjamin Smith; and Noël de la Morinière’s work search
- Bloch, Marcus Elieser search
- books; on fish search
- fish; herring search
- fish; salmon search
- fish; shad search
- fish; sturgeon search
- fish; works on search
- French language; letters in, from; Noël de la Morinière search
- Gilpin, John; “Observations on the annual Passage of Herrings,” search
- herring; works on search
- Histoire Naturelle Économique et Politique des Poissons Utiles (Noël de la Morinière) search
- Lacépède, Bernard Germain Étienne de La Ville-Sur-Illon, comte de; mentioned search
- Linnaeus, Carolus (Carl von Linné); mentioned search
- Noël de la Morinière, Simon Barthélemy Joseph; and American fish search
- Noël de la Morinière, Simon Barthélemy Joseph; Histoire Naturelle Économique et Politique des Poissons Utiles search
- Noël de la Morinière, Simon Barthélemy Joseph; identified search
- Noël de la Morinière, Simon Barthélemy Joseph; letters from search
- salmon search
- shad; works on search
- sturgeon search
- “Observations on the annual Passage of Herrings” (Gilpin) search