1. This was Dolley Madison’s brother, John Coles Payne, who served as a captain in the U.S. Army, 1813–15 (Heitman, Historical Register description begins Francis B. Heitman, Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, from Its Organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903 (2 vols.; 1903; reprint, Baltimore, 1994). description ends , 1:777).

2. The sheep of the Cape of Good Hope were a long-legged broad-tailed breed (William Youatt, Sheep: Their Breeds, Management, and Diseases; To Which is Added the Mountain Shepherd’s Manual [London, 1837], 117–18). JM had a flock of broad-tailed sheep from about 1806–7, to which he added a separate flock of merino sheep in 1811 (JM to William Madison, 11 Jan. 1811, and to Richard Peters, 15 Mar. 1811, PJM-PS description begins Robert A. Rutland et al., eds., The Papers of James Madison: Presidential Series (7 vols. to date; Charlottesville, Va., 1984–). description ends 3:116, 222).

3. Rev. William Crawford (ca. 1771–1858) was rector of Trinity Parish, Louisa County, Virginia (Ann Pamela Cunningham, “Ecclesiastical Register,” American Quarterly Church Review and Ecclesiastical Register (1858–1870) 11 [1858]: 343; “Journals of the Conventions of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocess of Virginia. From 1785 to 1835, Inclusive,” in Francis L. Hawks, Contributions to the Ecclesiastical History of the United States of America [2 vols.; New York, 1836–39], 1:second 152).