1. Originally from East Guilford, Conn., Thomas Chittenden (1730–1797) served intermittently as governor of Vermont from 1778 until his death. He enclosed a copy of Vermont’s ratification of the 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which barred federal courts from hearing certain lawsuits against states and those brought by citizens of foreign jurisdictions. George Washington laid Chittenden’s documents before Congress on 8 Jan. 1795. The amendment, which was proposed on 4 March 1794, was ratified on 8 Jan. 1798 (ANB description begins John A. Garraty, Mark C. Carnes, and Paul Betz, eds., American National Biography, New York, 1999–2002; 24 vols. plus supplement; rev. edn., www.anb.org. description ends ; AFC description begins Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender, Richard Alan Ryerson, Margaret A. Hogan, Sara Martin, Hobson Woodward, and others, Cambridge, 1963– . description ends , 9:444; Annals of Congress description begins The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States [1789–1824], Washington, D.C., 1834–1856; 42 vols. description ends , 3d Cong., 1st sess., p. 477; same, 5th Cong., 2d sess., p. 809; Washington, Papers, Presidential Series description begins The Papers of George Washington: Presidential Series, ed. W. W. Abbot, Dorothy Twohig, Jack D. Warren, Mark A. Mastromarino, Robert F. Haggard, Christine S. Patrick, John C. Pinheiro, David R. Hoth, Jennifer Stertzer and others, Charlottesville, Va., 1987– . description ends , 17:373).