1To James Madison from John Graham, [ca. 14 December] 1812 (Madison Papers)
...June 1812 and reported to Monroe in a 16 Nov. 1812 letter that the country was in a “deplorable state,” its cities and agriculture destroyed by severe earthquakes while Francisco de Miranda’s “republicans” fought unsuccessfully against royalist forces. Scott also reported widespread anti-American sentiment in Venezuela. Domingo Monteverde, the royalist general, seized some of the five U.S...