1To James Madison from John Armstrong, 1 June 1806 (Madison Papers)
...and Armstrong’s defense of his conduct. The crux of the exchange was Bowdoin’s assertion and Armstrong’s denial that the former should be included in discussions with the French government and the Spanish ambassador in Paris regarding Francisco de Miranda’s expedition against Venezuela in the
2To James Madison from John Dawson, 5 July 1806 (Madison Papers)
A report that William Steuben Smith had been captured with part of Francisco de Miranda’s forces reached New York in early June 1806 but was contradicted a little over a month later (New York
3To James Madison from George W. Erving, 25 July 1806 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
...why Carlos Martinez de Yrujo had been asked to leave the United States, the king had decided to demand one, along with an explanation of the U.S. government’s response to Francisco de Miranda’s expedition. It strained credulity to suppose, Cevallos wrote, that American officials could not have stopped the expedition before or even after it left New York; furthermore, Spain would have been...
4To James Madison from George W. Erving, 29 January 1811 (Madison Papers)
In September 1810 the Venezuelan rebel Francisco de Miranda sought permission to return to his native land on board a Royal Navy vessel in the company of the delegates who had been dispatched to London earlier in the year by the ruling junta in Caracas. Lord Wellesley would...
5To James Madison from George W. Erving, 17 June 1806 (Madison Papers)
’s refusal to communicate further with Yrujo was suspicious, occurring just before the minister’s complaints about Francisco de Miranda’s expedition; and that the U.S. government should have communicated with Spain before forcing the marques de Casa Calvo to leave New Orleans.
6To James Madison from George W. Erving, 13 July 1806 (Madison Papers)
...and Yrujo’s banishment from Washington did not amount to an unreasonable delay; that the U.S. government had cut off communication with Yrujo precisely at the time that Francisco de Miranda was in New York preparing his expedition against Venezuela, although Cevallos denied making any connection between these two sets of circumstances; that if governments were allowed to be the sole...
7To James Madison from Valentin de Foronda, 31 December 1808 (Madison Papers)
...Agosto de 1807. hìze á este Gobíerno por me dio de V.S. una solemne protesta de todos los daños y perjuicios que han resultado y que pueden resultar á mì Rey y sus Vasallos, de la expedìcion de Miranda reclamando la satisfaccíon debída à un ínsulto que se hízo a su Soberania en estos Estados, pues se habia hecho presente a V.S. por el Marques de Casa Yrujo, y el General Turreau, que el punto...
8To James Madison from Valentin de Foronda, 7 August 1807 (Madison Papers)
en busca de la Expedición de Miranda y obligarla á los que la componian á regresar
9To James Madison from Albert Gallatin, [13 May 1805] (Madison Papers)
...and the cabinet agreed to remove Swartwout as marshal because he had summoned a jury panel sympathetic to the defendants in the trial of Samuel G. Ogden and William Steuben Smith for aiding Francisco de Miranda in his attempt earlier that year to overthrow Spanish rule in South America. Peter Curtenius was named marshal on 13 Dec. 1806. New York Republican merchant Peter A. Schenck (d. 1824)...
10To James Madison from John Graham, [ca. 14 December] 1812 (Madison Papers)
...June 1812 and reported to Monroe in a 16 Nov. 1812 letter that the country was in a “deplorable state,” its cities and agriculture destroyed by severe earthquakes while Francisco de Miranda’s “republicans” fought unsuccessfully against royalist forces. Scott also reported widespread anti-American sentiment in Venezuela. Domingo Monteverde, the royalist general, seized some of the five U.S...
11To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 15 August 1806 (Madison Papers)
had implicitly sanctioned Francisco de Miranda’s expedition, and to foster the belief, rumored to have originated with Jacob Wagner, that Jefferson had ordered the prosecution. In Sanford’s estimate, these circumstances rendered Smith’s acquittal a foregone conclusion. Postponing Samuel Ogden’s...
12To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 28 August 1806 (Madison Papers)
...of the ship Leander,” had arrived in New York from Grenada two days earlier. Lewis had been indicted by the New York grand jury, along with Samuel G. Ogden, William Stephens Smith, William Armstrong, and Francisco de Miranda, in April 1806 (
13To James Madison from Rufus King, 15 October 1805 (Madison Papers)
, 11 Oct. 1803, which contained an extract from Francisco de Miranda’s 23 Aug. 1803 letter to King, see
14To James Madison from Rufus King, 25 November 1805 (Madison Papers)
The enclosure (11 pp.; docketed by King as received from Francisco de Miranda on 10 Nov. 1805 and returned from
15To James Madison from Rufus King, 11 October 1803 (Madison Papers)
Francisco de Miranda (1756–1816) was a South American-born soldier who served as a brigadier general in the French revolutionary army and fought in the period from the battle of Valmy (1792) to that of Neerwinden (1793). Miranda...
16To James Madison from Francisco de Miranda, 22 January 1806 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
§ From Francisco de Miranda.
17To James Madison from Francisco de Miranda, 10 December 1805 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
From Francisco de Miranda.
18To James Madison from James Monroe, 13 February 1818 (Madison Papers)
: Adams Papers [microfilm ed.], reel 6). Francisco de Miranda’s unsuccessful expedition to liberate Venezuela in 1806 was launched from the United States with the help of sympathetic Americans, among them Thornton. Miranda had claimed that he acted with the silent consent of the Jefferson administration, an......de Miranda (1750–1816) was a Venezuelan-born soldier who fought in the French...
19To James Madison from James Monroe, 9 June 1806 (Madison Papers)
In early May 1806 U.S. newspapers were rife with reports and speculations that Francisco de Miranda’s expedition, perhaps with British support, had sailed for Venezuela, landed there, and engaged in hostilities; see, for example, the
20To James Madison from Richard Rush, 6 September 1815 (Madison Papers)
: Richard Rush Papers), the cover sheet of which he docketed “General Miranda / Notes of his conversation in 1805.” The document recorded Francisco de Miranda’s “remarkable” comments on a variety of topics, including his “detestation” of Napoleon, whom he considered a pretentious, overrated general advised by “
21To James Madison from Nathan Sanford, 21 August 1806 [letter not found] (Madison Papers)
in Francisco de Miranda’s expedition against Spanish forces in Venezuela, should be brought to trial in New York.
22To James Madison from Jacob Wagner, 23 August 1804 (Madison Papers)
of 20 Aug. 1804. The article provided a number of reasons why Great Britain would declare war on Spain, including its desire for the Spanish colonies of South America, and gave a short history of Francisco de Miranda’s role in rallying European support for South American independence. The article is now in JM’s portfolio of newspaper clippings (
23To James Madison from Carlos Martínez de Yrujo, 4 February 1806 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
For Francisco de Miranda’s 1806 expedition against the coast of Venezuela, see Karen Racine, Francisco de Miranda: A Transatlantic Life in the Age of Revolution