1. Thomas Lloyd (1756–1827), a Federalist sympathizer and skilled stenographer, had edited the Pennsylvania ratification debates on the Constitution published in 1788 and had reported the debates of the First Federal Congress (PJM description begins William T. Hutchinson et al., eds., The Papers of James Madison (1st ser., vols. 1–10, Chicago, 1962–77, vols. 11–17, Charlottesville, Va., 1977–91). description ends , 10:375 n. 1). After this meeting with JM, Lloyd evidently moved to Alexandria, where he began teaching shorthand and writing a book on the subject (Lloyd to JM, 29 Apr. 1813 [DLC]).