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To Thomas Jefferson from Moses Coates, 3 March 1804

From Moses Coates

West Brandywine near Downingtown
Pennsylvania 3d 3/mo 1804

Respected friend

It is from the Generous affability and freedom Which I Discovered in the Agreeable Plainness of thy Conversation and Deportment When in thy Company, And perceiving the scientific, and superior Machanical Powers Which thou Possess, of Course a Wellwisher to the advancement and Encouragment of the Arts in our Country, that Excuses me (altho I feel my inferiority) in attempting to Adress thee on the following Occations.—

Probably thou Mayest Recollect When I Exhibited the Model of My improvement on Saw-Mills in thy Presence at Dr. Thorntons, And having some time ago Understood thee had some mind to Erect one on My Plan, Which Will aford me a great Deal of Pleasure. And some time Last Week John Morehead a Mill-Wright from Lexington, Rockbridge County Virginia came here and said he was sent to Explore my Saw-Mill in order to construct one for thee on my Plan of improvement, he highly approved it, and took the Rights for four on his own accompt, he Apprehended he became aquainted with it so as to be Master of the Business, And Purposed to Devote himself to that business.—It is a Very Useful thing there are many of them Runing in Different Parts of the Country But I have Done nothing Yet in the Southern States I Enclose a Coppy of a Certificate from two men up the Deleware River Who has had theirs Runing a considerable time, Which no Doubt Will aford a mind like thine some satisfaction.—

I have another little Curious and Very Usefull machine for Pairing apples other fruit or Roots and allso for cuting, And there ought to be one in Every family town and Country, and I wou’d Beg leave to Suggest to thee the Idea, Whether or no there wou’d not be a Probability and Propriety for the Government of the United States Purchasing my Exclusive Right that it might Become Common to People at Large, whereby they wou’d be able to obtain them at three tenths of the cost they otherwise wou’d, As I wou’d sell to Goverment at a Reduced Price from that of Enterpriseing speculators, from Whose Demands the People wou’d be at once Rescued, it’s opperation is performed with Rapidity and neatness. One may be seen by Application to Dr. Thornton tho a Very Rough one it is true it is a little simple thing But aparenly so Universally aproved that it leaves not an enemy behind to Reprobate it, And Notwithstand the simplicity its Utility is so evidently Great that every family must wish to Enjoy them.—And where Manual Labour may be Cut off by the introduction of Machineries Particularly such as is Either Laborious or tedious it Certainly ought to meet Encouragement.—

I have other Machineries in opperation of Considerable Magnitude one for Cuting Grain and Grass with Horses which has Performed to admiration. I wou’d not wish to infringe upon thy Patience or I wou’d have given thee a Sketch of its Principles.—

If it wou’d not be Beneath thy Dignity, or interfere with thy More Momentous Concerns I wou’d Gladly Receive a line Relative to the above subjects.—

I Remain Most Cordialy thy friend and Well Wisher

Moses Coates

RC (DLC); at foot of text: “To Thos. Jefferson President”; endorsed by TJ as received 9 Mch. and so recorded in SJL. Enclosure: Copy of a certificate, dated 12 Jan. 1804, of Mahlon Cooper and Robert Curry of Amwell Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, attesting to the utility of Coates’s sawmill improvement; the machinery is “in no way Subject to get out of order,” but will “Saw, tread Back, and Set compleatly on till the log is finished”; Cooper and Curry find the invention has both reduced their labor and increased production by one-third; Coates’s machinery will provide the same advantages and satisfaction to others, and doubtful persons may see it in operation at Cooper and Curry’s mills near Painter’s Ferry, New Jersey (Tr in DLC; attested by Coates and entirely in his hand).

Inventor Moses Coates of Chester County, Pennsylvania, received patents for an improved sawmill in 1802, a machine for paring apples in 1803, and, with Evan Evans, an improved machine for cutting straw and hay in 1804. His inventions drew wide praise, especially his sawmill improvement that automatically returned the log upon the completion of a cut and gauged it for the next. The machinery could be attached to saws already in use. Coates printed his own pamphlet describing the invention, and sales agents included Andrew Ellicott in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and William Thornton in Washington, D.C. James Mease included descriptions of Coates’s apple paring machine, his straw cutting machine, and a horse-drawn mowing machine in his American version of the Domestic Encyclopædia (List of Patents description begins A List of Patents Granted by the United States from April 10, 1790, to December 31, 1836, Washington, D.C., 1872 description ends , 27, 30, 44; Poulson’s American Daily Advertiser, 15 June 1802; Providence Phoenix, 3 Aug. 1802; Moses Coates, A New Invention and Improvement on Saw Mills [Lancaster, Pa., 1802; Shaw-Shoemaker description begins Ralph R. Shaw and Richard H. Shoemaker, comps., American Bibliography: A Preliminary Checklist for 1801-1819, New York, 1958-63, 22 vols. description ends , No. 2042]; Domestic Encyclopædia; or, A Dictionary of Facts, and Useful Knowledge, 5 vols. [Philadelphia, 1803-04], 3:119-20, 4:117, 5:61).

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