James Madison Papers
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From James Madison to Richard Henry Lee, 25 December 1784

To Richard Henry Lee

Decr. 25. 1784

“In the course of the last week a proposition was made to empower Congress to collect the Impost within this State [Virginia]1 as soon as 12 States shd. unite in the Scheme. The argumts. which prevailed agst. it were the unfavorable aspect it wd. present to foreigners, the tendency of the example to inferior combinations—the field it wd. open for contraband trade—its probable affect on the temper of R. Isld. which might thwart other necessary measures requiring the unanimity of the States—the improbability of the union of 12. States on this new ground, a failure of which wd. increase the appearance of discord in their policy; and give fresh triumph & irritation to Rh. Isd.

I have not yet found leisure to scan the project of a Continental Convention with so close an eye as to have made up any observations worthy of being mentioned to you.2 In general I hold it for a maxim that the Union of the States is essential to their safety agst. foreign danger, & internal contention; and that the perpetuity & efficacy of the present system can not be confided on. The question therefore is, in what mode & at what moment the experiment for supplying the defects ought to be made. The answer to this question can not be given without a knowledge greater than I possess of the temper & views of the different States. Virginia seems I think to have excellent dispositions towards the Confederacy, but her assent or dissent to such a proposition wd. probably depend on the chance of its having no opponent capable of rousing the prejudices & jealousies of the Assembly agst. innovations, particularly such as will derogate from their own power & importance.3 Should a view of the other States present no objections agst. the experiment, individually I wd. wish none to be presupposed here”

FC (DLC). In JM’s hand. Headed, “Extract from a letter from JM to Richd H Lee.” Docketed by JM.

1JM’s brackets.

2Lee had suggested in his 26 Nov. 1784 letter that there was an undercurrent of sentiment in Congress for a convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. The obstructionism of Rhode Island was forcing the delegates to consider ways and means of dropping the requirement for unanimity (Art. XIII) by the state legislatures before any alteration of the compact then holding the Union together.

3The chance that a revision of the Articles of Confederation would have “no opponent” in Virginia depended on the disposition, as JM well knew, of either Patrick Henry or George Mason—two powerful men whose attitude toward enlarging the powers of Congress “were not yet known” (Rives, Life of Madison, II, 34).

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