1. Ambrose Serle says in his journal that “about 15,000 Troops” landed on Long Island on 22 August. “The Disembarkation was effected upon the flat Shore, near Gravesend, without the least Resistance. . . . Every thing, relative to the Disembarkation, was conducted in admirable Order, and succeeded beyond our most sanguine Wishes” (Tatum, Serle’s Journal description begins Edward H. Tatum, Jr., ed. The American Journal of Ambrose Serle: Secretary to Lord Howe, 1776–1778. San Marino, Calif., 1940. description ends , 71–72).

General Howe wrote Lord George Germain on 3 Sept. that the whole landing force, which included Donop’s Hessian corps and forty cannon, landed “in two hours and a half under the direction of Commodore Hotham, Lieutenant-General Clinton commanding the first division of the troops. The enemy had only small parties on the coast, who upon the approach of the boats retired to the woody heights commanding a principal pass on the road from Flatbush to their works at Brooklyn. Lord Cornwallis was immediately detached to Flatbush with the reserve, two battalions of light infantry and Colonel Donop’s corps with six field-pieces, having orders not to risk an attack upon the pass if he should find it occupied, which proving to be the case his lordship took post in the village, and the army extended from the ferry at the narrows through Utrecht and Gravesend to the village of Flatland” (Davies, Documents of the American Revolution description begins K. G. Davies, ed. Documents of the American Revolution, 1770–1783; (Colonial Office Series). 21 vols. Shannon and Dublin, 1972–81. description ends , 12:216–18; see also Lord Howe to Philip Stephens, 31 Aug. 1776, in Clark and Morgan, Naval Documents description begins William Bell Clark et al., eds. Naval Documents of the American Revolution. 12 vols. to date. Washington, D.C., 1964–. description ends , 6:373–77, and Kemble Papers description begins [Stephen Kemble]. The Kemble Papers. 2 vols. New York, 1884-85. In Collections of the New-York Historical Society, vols. 16–17. description ends , 1:84–85).

2. This reinforcement included Col. Gold Selleck Silliman’s regiment of Connecticut militia levies, Col. Samuel Miles’s regiment of Pennsylvania riflemen, Col. John Tyler’s 10th Continental Regiment, and Col. Jedediah Huntington’s 17th Continental Regiment (see Silliman to his wife, 24 Aug., in Johnston, Campaign of 1776 description begins Henry P. Johnston. The Campaign of 1776 around New York and Brooklyn. Including a New and Circumstantial Account of the Battle of Long Island and the Loss of New York, with a Review of Events to the Close of the Year. Brooklyn, 1878. In Memoirs of the Long Island Historical Society, vol. 3. description ends , pt. 2, 52–53; Miles’s journal, ibid., 60–61; and Sabine, Fitch’s New-York Diary description begins W. H. W. Sabine, ed. The New-York Diary of Lieutenant Jabez Fitch of the 17th (Connecticut) Regiment from August 22, 1776 to December 15, 1777. New York, 1954. description ends , 25).

3. Artemas Ward’s letter to GW of 15 Aug. is quoted in Henry Bromfield to GW, 13 Aug., n.1. The previous Wednesday was 21 August. For Congress’s resolution of 17 June 1776 regarding this appraisement, see JCC description begins Worthington Chauncey Ford et al., eds. Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789. 34 vols. Washington, D.C., 1904–37. description ends , 5:454.