Adams Papers
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Address from Rhode Island Federalists, 2 April 1789

Address from Rhode Island Federalists

Providence 2d. April 1789

Sir,

The Federalists of this State though denied the Priviledge of giving you their Suffrages, are peculiarly happy, to find your Excellency by so decided a Majority, One of the Gentlemen placed at the Head of that August Body, to which, with Anxious expectation, this Country now looks up to rescue it from that Anarchy & Prostration which have So long degraded the American Character, and rendered us the Sport of European Politics—

Occupied by the Great Objects of your Appointment, as at this Juncture your Excellency must be, we Should not have Presumed to intrude upon you by this Address, and the Personal Application of the Honorable Jabez Bowen, John Brown & Welcome Arnold Esquires, the Gentlemen who will have the Honor to present it, had not the mysterious Conduct of a Majority of this State placed us in a Situation in our apprehension Peculiarly Critical, to extricate us from which we Place Great Confidence in your Excellency’s Abilities, and good disposition—1

Excluded as we now are, from the Federal Union, the Merchants of this State Conceive their Vessels will be exposed abroad; and, if denied the priviledge of intercourse with our quondam Sister States, added to the Continuance of the iniquitous Tender Act, by which Specie Debts are dayly discharg’d by paper at par now depreciated from Twelve to Fifteen for One, and the Prohibitory Laws of Neighbouring States, they Conceive that their Ruin must be the inevitable Consequence— Alarmed by these Apprehensions a Number of Gentlemen have forwarded an Address to his Excellency the President of the United States, praying his interposition, and that of Congress, by forwarding an Address to the Freemen of this State, if possible, before our next Choice of the Officers of Government for the ensuing Year (which will be on the 15th. of this Inst.) Calculated to induce them to elect Federal Characters; so that a Convention may be Called, and this State join the Union—conceiving that Such an Address would most Probably, Compass this most desirable Object. But, if that Cannot be obtained, or arrive in Season, Soliciting the Advice of that Honorable Body to point out to them the line of Conduct which it will be most proper for them to Pursue—

At the Same time it was Unanimously agreed to apply to your Excellency, before your departure for Congress, and Solicit Your Interest in favor of that Application, and your Opinion on the Subject; as well as to receive Such Advice, as in Your great Wisdom and Benevolence you may think Proper to Give us—

The Gentlemen who present this Can give you every Information which you may further wish respecting the Present Situation of the State, and of parties; of the Plans which by the Federalists have been in Contemplation; together with our deplorable Condition and Prospects, unless the Honorable Congress will deign to interest itself in our behalf—

With the most perfect Consideration, we have the Honor to be, / Your Excellency’s, / most Obedient, / & most Humble Servants—

Nichos. Brown
Jos & Wm. Russell
James Manning
Clark & Nightingale
Jereh. Olney. NB. Colo. Jerh. Olney having
his Right Hand disabled wrote with his Left
John Jenckes
John Francis
Dan. Tillinghast
Pardon Bowen
William Bowen
Benjamin Bowen
William Barton

RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “His Excellency / John Adams Esquire”; endorsed: “Rhode Island / Address.”

1Providence merchant and Ohio Company speculator Nicholas Brown (1729–1791), whose firm imported Caribbean molasses to distill rum and was linked to the African slave trade, led his colleagues in this appeal for a ratifying convention. Struggling to pay off Revolutionary War debt with depreciated state-issued paper money as mandated by the Country Party then in power, Rhode Island had refused to ratify the U.S. Constitution, which resulted in Congress’ assigning it a semiforeign status that incurred costly trade sanctions. On 27 March the same group of merchants petitioned George Washington, eager for intervention before the annual elections in April, but neither JA nor Washington replied. The Country Party triumphed again in the subsequent election, and with the payment or forfeit of the state debt in September, Rhode Islanders pivoted to draw up plans for the long-delayed convention. Dubbed “Rogue Island” by critics, the state suffered commercially until it ratified on 29 May 1790 (ANB description begins John A. Garraty, Mark C. Carnes, and Paul Betz, eds., American National Biography, New York, 1999–2002; 24 vols. plus supplement; rev. edn., www.anb.org. description ends ; Maier, Ratification description begins Pauline Maier, Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 17871788, New York, 2010. description ends , p. 223–225, 458– 459; Washington, Papers, Presidential Series description begins The Papers of George Washington: Presidential Series, ed. W. W. Abbot, Dorothy Twohig, Jack D. Warren, Mark A. Mastromarino, Robert F. Haggard, Christine S. Patrick, John C. Pinheiro, David R. Hoth, and others, Charlottesville, Va., 1987– . description ends , 1:452–454; 2:485; Doc. Hist. Ratif. Const. description begins The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, ed. Merrill Jensen, John P. Kaminski, Gaspare J. Saladino, and others, Madison, Wis., 1976– . description ends , 24:xl–xli). For JA’s thoughts on the matter, see his 18 May 1789 letter to Jabez Bowen, below.

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