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To Alexander Hamilton from Francisco de Miranda, 1 April 1797

From Francisco de Miranda1

a Paris ce 1. avril 1797.

Mon cher et respectable ami,

C’est depuis quatre ans que je reprends la plume2 pour vous dire que je suis encore au Nombre des vivans qui restent en france depuis la tyrannie. Voici un Livre qui vient de paraitre sur la Révolution française pas Desodoards.3 Il contient tous les faits principaux, et indique les Causes, avec Connaissances, Impartialité, et modération à mon avis. Et tous Ceux qui Connaissent à fonds la révolution, m’ont confirmé dans cette opinion que j’avais formée d’abord en le lisant. Ne manquer pas de le lire immédiatement, et de le faire passer après au nouveau président, s’il ne l’a pas lu encore. Mrs Paine et M——e, qui sont déja partis d’ici pour se rendre ches Vous,4 ne seront pas peutetre du mème-avis; mais je crois qu’ils ont mieux Connu le système des Jacobins, que celui de la révolution française. Enfin il est certain, mon ami, que l’ex-President Washington fit une faute bien grave en envoyant ici pour ambassadeurs Mr Morris,5 et Mr. Monroe, tous deux exagerés dans un sens Contraire. Il est vrai que le premier est un homme infiniment plus instruit, et bien moins extravagant que l’autre. P——e est devenu un Marat tout à fait—Dieu veuille qu’il ne fasse pas plus de mal au nouveau monde, que l’autre n’en a fait à la france.

Adieu, mon cher ami, continuer à soutenir avec Courage la Cause de la Liberté, que tant de brigands et d’ignorants deshonorent depuis cinq ans, tout en prétendant de l’aimer et de la défendre. Je suis réuni ici (et pour cela persécuté encore) avec le petit nombre de ceux qui la connaissent et qui la défendent Sincérement; Veuille la Providence nous accorder du Succès pour le bonheur de ces pays ci ainsi que pour la tranquillité des autres, au moins. Donnez moi des nouvelles de nos amis communs Knox, et W. Duer.6 Faites leur bien des Complimens de ma part, en leur Communiquant la partie de cette lettre—si que Vous jugerez à propos, aussi bien que le livre. Je Vous prie de présenter mes respectueux Complimens au gl. Washington—ainsi qu’à tous mes amis à New York &c. &c.

Yours most sincerely

F. Miranda.

P.S. Je viens de Recevoir dans le moment une Lettre de Mr. Monroe, par son Secretaire Mr. Prevost.7 Le contenue de cette Lettre me fait soupçoner quelque cabale ou intrigue des Mess. Paine, et M——e (avec qui je n’ai jamais eû aucume liaison) ainsi je m’empresse de vous envoier Copie de cette petite Correspondence, pour vous mettre à même de pouvoire Repondre aux Calomnies qui sont les armes de la Secte Jacobitte.

Alex: Hamilton, Esqe. at Newyork.

ALS, Hamilton Papers, Library of Congress; ALS (duplicate), Hamilton Papers, Library of Congress.

1Miranda, a native of Venezuela, was a Spanish-American revolutionist who during the American Revolution had served with the Spanish forces in attacks on Pensacola and British colonies in the Caribbean. Miranda traveled in the United States from June, 1783, until December, 1784, and he met H during his visit to New York from January to July, 1784. In 1785 he went to Europe and toured the Continent with William S. Smith, John Adams’s son-in-law. He visited England in 1789 in an attempt to interest the British ministry in aiding his plans for a revolution in Spain’s Latin American colonies. Although he received some encouragement from the British government during the Nootka Sound controversy, British interest waned with the settlement of that dispute. In 1792 Miranda went to France, where his plans attracted the attention of Pierre Henri Hélène Marie Lebrun-Tondu, Minister of Foreign Affairs during the first months of the Convention, and Jacques Pierre Brissot de Warville, leader of the Girondins. He was again unsuccessful, but he did secure an appointment as a lieutenant general in the French army. Miranda was charged with the responsibility for the French defeat at Neerwinden in 1793, but he was acquitted by the Revolutionary Tribunal. He was, however, again arrested and imprisoned. Set free in 1795, he remained in France for three years. Although he had been banished on September 4, 1797, he managed to remain in France until January, 1798, when he went to England to attempt to interest England and the United States in his plans for the liberation of Latin America.

For a discussion of Miranda’s plans and his earlier efforts to secure H’s aid, see the introductory note to H to Miranda, November 23, 1784. See also H to Miranda, January–July, 1784; Miranda to H, April 5, 1791, November 4, 1792.

3Antoine Etienne Nicolas Fantin des Odoards, Histoire philosophique de la révolution de France, depuis la convocation des notables, par Louis XVI, jusqu’a là séparation de la convention nationale, 2 vols. (Paris, 1796).

4Miranda was mistaken, for Thomas Paine did not return to the United States until 1802.

James Monroe was United States Minister Plenipotentiary to France from 1794 to 1796. On January 1, 1797, Monroe “took leave of the Executive Directory of France, in an audience specially assigned me for the purpose …” (Monroe, A View of the Conduct of the Executive description begins James Monroe, A View of the Conduct of the Executive, in the Foreign Affairs of the United States, Connected with the Mission to the French Republic, During the Years 1794, 5 & 6 (Philadelphia: Printed by and for Benjamin Franklin Bache, 1797). description ends , liii). Monroe then decided “to leave France and to proceed to Holland, to remain there during the winter, which he accordingly did. In the spring he returned and passed hastily through Paris to Bordeaux, from where he sailed on the 20th of April 1797 …” (Stuart Gerry Brown, ed., The Autobiography of James Monroe [Syracuse, 1959], 142).

5Gouverneur Morris was United States Minister Plenipotentiary to France from 1792 to 1794, when he was succeeded by Monroe.

6On his visit to the United States in 1783 and 1784, Miranda became acquainted with Henry Knox and William Duer.

7John B. Prevost was Monroe’s secretary of legation. Prevost was a member of the New York Assembly in 1798 and 1799, and he became recorder of New York City in 1801. In 1804, during the recess of the Senate, Thomas Jefferson appointed Prevost a judge of the Superior Court for the Territory of Orleans. His nomination was sent to the Senate on November 30, 1804, and confirmed on December 11 (Executive Journal, I description begins Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate (Washington, 1828), I. description ends , 476, 477).

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