George Washington Papers
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https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-21-02-0312

From George Washington to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 15 February 1797

To the Commissioners for the District of Columbia

Philadelphia 15th Feb. 1797.

Gentlemen,

Several of your letters have been received within these few days; and notwithstanding the accumulation of business, consequent of the near epoch for my quitting the chair of government,1 the receipt of them should not have remained so long unacknowledged had I not placed such as related to the Power of Attorney, and to some disputed points, into the hands of the Law Officer of the United States for his official opinion; without having received his report—owing, I believe, to his having been hurried, almost, as much as myself.2

Thus circumstanced, I shall confine the subject of this letter wholly to the expression of my sentiments relatively to the public buildings; conceiving it necessary that you should be informed of them without delay.

When in the course of the autumn you suggested the propriety of designating the sites for the Executive Offices, and for providing materials, for their erection, I yielded a ready assent; and still think that if we had the means at command, and no doubt was entertained of the adequacy of them, that these buildings ought to commence.3

But when the difficulty in obtaining loans—and the disadvantageous terms on which the money is borrowed, has since become so apparent;4 when I see those whose interest it is to appreciate the credit of the City, and to aid the Commissioners in all their laudable exertions brooding over their jealousies, & spreading the Seeds of distrust;5 and when I perceive (as I clearly do) that the public mind is in a state of doubt, if not in despair of having the principal building in readiness for Congress, by the time contemplated6—for these reasons I say, and for others which might be enumerated, I am now decidedly of opinion that the edifices for the Executive Offices ought to be suspended; that the work on the house for the President should advance no faster (at the expence or retardment of the Capitol) than is necessary to keep pace therewith and to preserve it from injury; and that all the means (not essential for other purposes) & all the force, ought to be employed on the Capitol.

It may be relied on, that it is the progress of that building, that is to inspire, or depress public confidence. Under any circumstances this, more or less would be the case; but when it is reported by many, & believed by some (with out foundation I am persuaded) that there is a biass elsewhere; it is essential on the score of policy, & for the gratification of the public wishes, that this work should be vigorously prosecuted in the manner I have suggested. And I require it accordingly. Consider’d in a simple point of view, the matter stands thus. Are the funds sufficient to accomplish all the objects which are contemplated? If doubts arise, then, which of those objects are to be preferred? on this ground there would be but one opinion; every body would cry out, the Capitol. Again, admit that the resources will ultimately be adequate, but cannot be drawn forth in the ratio of your general wants, will not the same answer, as it respects time, apply with equal force to the building just mentioned? This then, seems to be safe ground to proceed on. It would gratify the public wishes & expectation; might, possibly, appease clamour; and, if all the buildings cannot be completed in time, no material evil would result from the postponement of the subordinate Offices, until the Capitol is in such a state of forwardness as to remove all doubts of its being ready for the reception of Congress by the time appointed. Another good (mentioned in a former letter) would flow therefrom; which is, that in proportion as that building advanced, & doubts subsided, private buildings would be erected where they would be most wanted for the accomodation of the members.7 The public offices might shift (as they have done) a while longer. I write in much haste (for this mornings Post) that the letter may get to you in the course of the week.8 If I have expressed myself in such a manner as to be clearly understood it is enough, you must excuse the scrawl & believe me to be with esteem & regard—Gentn Yr Obed⟨t⟩

Go: Washington

ALS, DLC: U.S. Commissioners of the City of Washington records; ALS (letterpress copy), DLC:GW; LB, DLC:GW.

1The last full day of GW’s presidency was 3 March.

2The “Power of Attorney” submitted to Attorney General Charles Lee has not been identified but was likely the executive order that described the public reservations in the Federal City. Lee’s advice on the matter prompted revisions to the order, which GW signed and implemented on 2 March (see Commissioners for the District of Columbia to GW, 31 Jan., and n.1 to that document; see also GW to the commissioners, 3 March, and n.8 to that document). GW had sought Lee’s opinion on other similar legal instruments (see GW to the commissioners, 26 Dec. 1796, and n.3).

4The commissioners’ failure to secure a loan from the Bank of the United States, coupled with the obstacles they encountered in negotiating a Dutch loan, had led GW to authorize them to borrow funds from the state of Maryland. As a result, the Maryland legislature granted the commissioners a loan for $100,000 in December 1796 (see John Hoskins Stone to GW, 12 Dec.; see also the commissioners to GW, 31 Oct. [first letter]; and GW to the commissioners, 7 and 11 Nov.).

5GW refers to recent disputes between proprietors and the commissioners over the division of lots, public appropriations, and alleged mismanagement of funds (see the commissioners to GW, 21 Nov. 1796, n.6, and 25 Nov. 1796; see also George Walker to GW, 24 Jan. 1797).

6For recent concerns for the timely completion of the U.S. Capitol, see Daniel Carroll of Duddington to GW, 6 Feb.; and George Walker to GW, 24 January. U.S. law assigned the first Monday in December 1800 for the transfer of Congress to Washington, D.C. (see 1 Stat. description begins Richard Peters, ed. The Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America, from the Organization of the Government in 1789, to March 3, 1845 . . .. 8 vols. Boston, 1845-67. description ends 130).

8The commissioners’ book of proceedings for 20 Feb. indicates that they received the present document that day (DNA: RG 42, Records of the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, Proceedings, 1791–1802).

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