1. Armand-Charles Tuffin, marquis de La Rouërie (1750–1793), a French volunteer who, as Morris says, generally used only his Christian name Armand in America, was commissioned a colonel on this date by Congress, and he was directed to report to GW (see JCC description begins Worthington Chauncey Ford et al., eds. Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789. 34 vols. Washington, D.C., 1904–37. description ends , 7:346). A native of Brittany, Armand entered the French army in 1766 as an ensign in the king’s guards, and he was promoted to sous-lieutenant in 1775. Armand was obliged to leave France earlier this year because he had wounded the comte de Bourbon-Busset, a cousin of the king, in a duel. Sailing from Nantes in February 1777 on the American ship Success (formerly called the Morris), Armand arrived on 11 April off the Delaware Capes where the ship, which was carrying military supplies from France, was run aground by British warships and was blown up by its own captain to prevent its capture (see John Adams to Abigail Adams, 13 April 1777, in Adams Family Correspondence description begins Lyman H. Butterfield et al., eds. Adams Family Correspondence. 13 vols. to date. Cambridge, Mass., 1963–. description ends , 2:209–10). Armand got ashore safely and made his way to Philadelphia, where he presented his letters of introduction to Morris. Armand’s drafts for money were on Beaumarchais (see Morris to Deane, 29 Dec. 1779, in Isham, Deane Papers description begins Charles Isham, ed. The Deane Papers. 5 vols. New York, 1887-91. In Collections of the New-York Historical Society, vols. 19–23. description ends , 2:293–97). Arriving at Morristown between 16 and 19 May, Armand persuaded GW to allow him to raise a partisan corps consisting of as many as two hundred Frenchmen (See GW to Hancock, 16 May, Instructions to Armand, 19 May, and GW to Morris, 19 May). On 11 June 1777 GW gave Armand command of Ottendorf’s independent light infantry corps (see General Orders, that date), and on 25 June 1778 Armand’s reorganized corps, which the Board of War called “The Free and Independent Chasseurs,” was taken into Continental pay by Congress (JCC description begins Worthington Chauncey Ford et al., eds. Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789. 34 vols. Washington, D.C., 1904–37. description ends , 11:642–45). Following the death of Pulaski in the fall of 1779, Pulaski’s Legion and Armand’s corps were consolidated under Armand as Armand’s Legion, which consisted of both infantry and cavalry (see ibid., 16:187), and on 1 Jan. 1781 Armand’s Legion was reorganized and redesignated the 1st Partisan Corps. On 26 Mar. 1783, after years of importuning Congress for promotion, Armand was commissioned a brigadier general (see ibid., 24:211–12). His partisan corps was disbanded the following November, and he returned to France in the summer of 1784.