James Madison Papers
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To James Madison from Robert W. Fox, 23 October 1804 (Abstract)

§ From Robert W. Fox1

23 October 1804, Falmouth. “The packet having made the Signal for sailing, I think it proper to inform thee that by the last advices the Fever continued to a very great degree at Malaga; the Newspapers say that 2900 people died in that City, in the course of about 10 days. Government have thought it necessary, that all Vessels from Spain & Portugal shou’d be strictly examined. I apprehend orders are received here to put the packets from Lisbon under Quarantine, being a precautionary measure. I dont apprehend the fever has extended far from Malaga as yet, tho’ there was a Report that some persons had died at Cadiz, but as I donot hear it confirmed, I hope there is no foundation for it.

“It appears by the public papers, that in the last Month the British Government send some Frigates off Cadiz to prevent Ships of War with Treasure from America entering the Spanish ports; in consequence four British Frigates on the 5th Instant, fell in with 4 Spanish Frigates near Cadiz, when the British Commander communicated his Orders to detain Vessels of their description, the Spanish Admiral resisted and an Action took place, in which one of the Spanish Ships blew up, and about 300 people perished, the other three struck, and are arrived in England, their Cargoes are said to be worth 3 a 4 millions of Dollars. I apprehend they are equipping Ships at the different Dock Yards with all possible expedition, as its expected this strong measure may produce a War.”

RC (DNA: RG 59, CD, Falmouth, vol. 2). 2 pp.

1Robert Were Fox (1754–1818) was named U.S. consul by George Washington in 1794 and held the post until his death, when he was succeeded by his son, also Robert Were Fox (1789–1877). Both belonged to a well-known Cornish Quaker family whose most prominent member was the Victorian diarist Caroline Fox, daughter of the younger Robert Were Fox. The elder Robert W. Fox “raised the [family] shipping business and its allied enterprises to great prosperity” (Senate Exec. Proceedings description begins Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America (3 vols.; Washington, D.C., 1828). description ends , 1:158, 159, 3:170, 172; Robert J. N. Tod, Caroline Fox, Quaker Blue-Stocking, 1819–1871 [York, England, 1980], viii; Wilson Harris, Caroline Fox [London, 1944], 20–21).

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