Benjamin Franklin Papers
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To Benjamin Franklin from Esprit-Antoine Gibelin, 7 February 1785

From Esprit-Antoine Gibelin

ALS: American Philosophical Society

Augustin Dupré began making sketches for a Benjamin Franklin medal in 1783. The obverse was straightforward: it would show Franklin in profile, with his undressed hair falling about his shoulders. One preliminary sketch ringed the portrait with a legend identifying him as minister plenipotentiary of the United States of America. The final version, struck in 1784 and pictured on the facing page, reads BENJ. FRANKLIN NATUS BOSTON. XVII JAN. MDCCVI. The reverse of the medal was more problematic. Dupré made numerous studies ranging from Minerva standing beside a broken column and pointing to a temple on top of a mountain; to a youthful winged Genius in various attitudes, holding various objects, and in various relationships to a temple;2 to a gigantic, muscular, mature Hercules, naked except for a loincloth, grasping a club in one hand and either pointing to or grasping a lightning bolt with the other hand, and crushing underfoot (in one rendition) a prostrate figure clutching his crown and holding a sword, or (in the other rendition), two figures, the one just mentioned and another clutching a sack of money. In the end, Dupre engraved the winged Genius standing upright in a thunderstorm, drapery blowing, with one outstretched arm gesturing toward a bolt of lightning heading for the lightning rod atop the temple, and the other arm pointing to the scepter and crown lying on the ground. The legend was Turgot’s famous Latin epigram, translated as He stole lightning from the heavens and the sceptre from tyrants. The exergue states that Dupré engraved and dedicated the medal in 1784.3

Although these sketches have survived, dated 1783 and 1784, no documentation about the manufacture or presentation of the medal has. The only known contemporary reference is in the letter published here, where Gibelin mentions having seen the medal, shown to him by Dupré. We may yet find evidence of who, if not Dupré himself, sponsored the tribute, and how it was received. Years later, when sending what was probably an example of this medal to Jane Mecom, Franklin wrote only that it had been made by “a private Friend.”4

a Paris Ce 7 fevrier 1785.

Monsieur

La médaille des Etats unis de l’amerique que vous avez fait frapper l’année derniere, fut modelée Sur le dessein que je composai a la priere de Mr. Brongniart.5

Cet avantage, d’avoir donné une forme pittoresque a votre Superbe idée, ne me procura point alors l’honneur d’être connu de vous; mais j’ai osé me flatter qu’a ce titre je pourrois espérer quelque part a votre protection et a vos bontés.

Elles me Seront d’un grand Secours dans le projet que j’ai forme de rassembler les desseins de toutes les médailles frappées a l’occasion de la derniere guerre, de les faire graver et de joindre a la description, le precis historique des faits qui y ont donne lieu; ouvrage qui ne peut manquer d’etre acceuilli, par la grandeur du Sujet, parce qu’il mettra en même temps Sous les yeux et les belles actions des hommes célébres et la noble récompense qu’ils en ont eue, enfin parcequ’il reunira plusieurs idées dont quelques unes Sont Sublimes, Sur une époque a jamais remarquable; notamment l’idée majestueuse de cette grande arcade fendue et brisée, dont un pilier posoit Sur l’angletterre l’autre Sur l’amerique; et l’heureuse allégorie d’hercule enfant qui étouffe les deux Serpens.

J’ai connoissance

1° de la medaille de l’arcade brisée6

2° du général Wasington Son profil d’un coté, et au revers le bonnet de la liberté

3° de Celle que j’ai dessinée, d’hercule enfant.7

4° de la prise de Stoni-point a Mr. de fleuri8

5° de la médaille de provence a Mr. Le bailli de Suffren que j’ai dessinee et dirigée9

6° de celle que la Compagnie des indes hollandoise vient de lui envoyer.

M. Dupré le graveur m’en a montré une avec l’inscription eripuit cœlo fulmen &c.1

J’en ai composé moi même quelques autres que je ferois entrer dans la collection comme projettées Seulement.

Sur la réputation de votre bienfaisance et de la protection que vous accordez aux belles-lettres et aux beaux arts, je n’ai point hésité de m’adresser a vous, Monsieur, comme a la Seule personne qui, m’eclairant de Ses lumieres pourra m’indiquer le mieux les médailles que je ne connois point et me faciliter les moyens de mettre en execution un projet que je crois Si intéréssant, que je n’ose le Communiquer, de crainte qu’on ne me l’enléve.

Je vous Supplie, Monsieur, de vouloir bien me marquer le jour et l’heure ou je pourrai avoir L’honneur de vous voir et de vous parler sur cette affaire.

Je Suis avec un profond Respect, Monsieur, Votre trés humble et tres obeissant Serviteur

Gibelin
peintre d’histoire
rûe montmartre prés la rûe des vieux augustins N° 52

[Note numbering follows the Franklin Papers source.]

2For one sketch, depicting the Genius in flight, Dupré proposed the inscription, “Je vole à l’immortalité.” The sketches described here are reproduced in the following two sources: Carl Zigrosser, “The Medallic Sketches of Augustin Dupré in American Collections,” APS Proc., CI (1957), 542–3; John W. Adams and Anne E. Bentley, Comitia Americana and Related Medals (Crestline, Calif., 2007), pp. 176–7.

3See also the List of Illustrations. Dupre used the same obverse for the BF medal he struck in 1786. The reverse of that 1786 medal features Turgot’s Latin epigram in the center, wreathed by oak branches: Adams and Bentley, Comitia Americana and Related Medals, pp. 179–82.

According to a MS list of Dupré’s oeuvre compiled by his son, in 1784 the artist also made clichés of a “sceau d’amérique” (listed under Aug. 4) and a “cachet de franklin”: Rosine Trogan and Philippe Sorel, Augustin Dupré (1748–1833): Graveur général des Monnaies de France (Paris, [2000]), p. 89. The only drawing for a Franklin seal that has been located is the one Dupré sent WTF on June 6, 1785, which is reproduced in Zigrosser, “Medallic Sketches of Augustin Dupré,” p. 541.

4BF to Jane Mecom, Sept. 4, 1786, in Van Doren, Franklin-Mecom, p. 281.

5Though Gibelin did submit to Brongniart a drawing for what would become the Libertas Americana medal (1783), BF preferred a sketch submitted by Augustin Dupré that differed from Gibe in’s in only a few details. Dupré engraved the dies: XXXVIII, XXIX–XXX, 128–9; XXIX, frontispiece, XXIX, 391.

6We have not been able to trace either this “broken arch” medal or the following medal of GW.

7Libertas Americana, cited above.

8A medal that Congress ordered BF to have struck in France; see XXX, 416–17; XXXI, 422–3, 490; XL, 471–3.

9This medal, engraved by Dupré, and the following one, commissioned by the Dutch West India Company, were both struck in 1784 to honor French admiral Pierre de Suffren. The former medal is described in Baron Guillibert, “Le Peintre Esprit-Antoine Gibelin, d’Aix, 1739–1813,” Réunion des sociétés des beaux-arts …, XXVII (1903), 491–2; Trogan and Sorel, Augustin Dupré (1748–1833), p. 22. Both medals are described and reproduced in Congrès des sociétés savantes de Provence, Marseille (31 Juillet—a Aoùt 1906) (Aix-en-Provence and Marseille, 1907), pp. 630–3.

1The 1784 medal of BF described in the headnote.

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