Thomas Jefferson Papers
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To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 26 March 1794

From James Madison

Mar: 26.1 1794

Dear Sir

My last informed you that an embargo had been proposed and negatived. You will see by the inclosed that on a renewal of the proposition yesterday it went thro’ the H. of Reps, by a very2 large majority. The change took place among the Eastern members whose constituents were growing so clamorous under their losses in the W. Indies, as to alarm their representatives. The Senate will have the subject before them today, and will probably concur. It is said that some further measures are to be discussed in that House. The commercial propositions have not yet received a vote. The progress of the evils which they were to remedy, having called for more active medicine, it has not been deemed prudent to force them on the attention of the House during more critical discussions. They will however notwithstanding a change of circumstances, cooperate with other measures as an alternative system and will be pressed to a vote at the first favorable moment. Whether they can be carried into a law at the present Session is doubtful, on account of the lateness of the day, and the superior urgency of other questions. The point immediately depending is the discrimination between G.B. and other nations as to the proposed duties on manufactures. If this should succeed, the future parts will I think meet with little difficulty. The Enquiry into the Treasury is going on, tho’ not very rapidly. I understand that it begins to pinch where we most expected—the authority for drawing the money from Europe into the Bank. H. endeavored to parry the difficulty by contesting the right of the Committee to call for the authority. This failing he talks of constructive written authority from the P. but relies on parol authority, which I think it impossible the P. can support him in. The old question of referring the origination of Taxes comes on today; and will in some degree test the present character of the House: I have written abundance of letters of late but fear they are stopped by the small pox at Richmond.

The people of Charlestown are taking a high tone. Their memorial, which is signed by Ramsay—the Gadzdens Young Rutlege and a very great number of respectable citizens marks the deliberate sense of the place.3 The more violent has been ex[pres]sed by hanging and burning the effigies of Smith, Ames Arnold, Dumourier and the Devil en groupe.

RC (DLC: Madison Papers); unsigned; final paragraph written in left margin includes one partially illegible word; endorsed by TJ as received 16 Apr. 1794 and so recorded in SJL.

The enclosed newspaper described the passage of a resolution by the House of Representatives on 25 Mch. 1794 laying an embargo on all ships in American ports for thirty days. The President approved the measure on 26 Mch. 1794 (Philadelphia Gazette, 26 Mch. 1794; JHR description begins Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, Washington, D.C., Gales & Seaton, 1826, 9 vols. description ends , ii, 102, 104, 105). The 1794 congressional enquiry into the treasury begun at the request of Alexander Hamilton, who wished to refute Republican allegations of official misconduct as Secretary of the Treasury, is described in Editorial Note on Jefferson and the Giles resolutions, at 27 Feb. 1793. On 24 Mch. 1794 Congressman Andrew Pickens presented to the House of Representatives the 1 Mch. memorial by citizens of South Carolina requesting redress from British spoliations on American commerce and stating that they would even approve if Congress voted “to suspend all commercial intercourse between Great-Britain and these States” (Philadelphia Gazette, 26, 31 Mch 1794). Effigies of William Loughton Smith, Fisher Ames, Benedict Arnold, William Pitt, and the Devil were destroyed in Charleston on 15 Mch. 1794 (Boston Gazette, 14 Apr. 1794).

1Date reworked from what appears to be “25.”

2Word interlined.

3Preceding three words interlined.

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