Benjamin Franklin Papers
Documents filtered by: Author="Franklin, Benjamin" AND Correspondent="Collinson, Peter" AND Correspondent="Franklin, Benjamin"
sorted by: editorial placement
Permanent link for this document:
https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-06-02-0072

From Benjamin Franklin to Peter Collinson, 25 August 1755

To Peter Collinson

MS not found; reprinted from Benjamin Franklin, Experiments and Observations on Electricity (London, 1769), pp. 356–9.9

Philadelphia, Aug. 25, 1755.

Dear Sir,

As you have my former papers on Whirlwinds, &c.1 I now send you an account of one which I had lately an opportunity of seeing and examining myself.

Being in Maryland, riding with Col. Tasker,2 and some other gentlemen to his country-seat, where I and my son were entertained by that amiable and worthy man, with great hospitality and kindness, we saw in the vale below us, a small whirlwind beginning in the road, and shewing itself by the dust it raised and contained. It appeared in the form of a sugar-loaf, spinning on its point, moving up the hill towards us, and enlarging as it came forward. When it passed by us, its smaller part near the ground, appeared not bigger than a common barrel, but widening upwards, it seemed, at 40 or 50 feet high, to be 20 or 30 feet in diameter. The rest of the company stood looking after it, but my curiosity being stronger, I followed it, riding close by its side, and observed its licking up, in its progress, all the dust that was under its smaller part. As it is a common opinion that a shot, fired through a waterspout, will break it, I tried to break this little whirlwind, by striking my whip frequently through it, but without any effect. Soon after, it quitted the road and took into the woods, growing every moment larger and stronger, raising, instead of dust, the old dry leaves with which the ground was thick covered, and making a great noise with them and the branches of the trees, bending some tall trees round in a circle swiftly and very surprizingly, though the progressive motion of the whirl was not so swift but that a man on foot might have kept pace with it, but the circular motion was amazingly rapid. By the leaves it was now filled with, I could plainly perceive that the current of air they were driven by, moved upwards in a spiral line; and when I saw the trunks and bodies of large trees invelop’d in the passing whirl, which continued intire after it had left them,3 I no longer wondered that my whip had no effect on it in its smaller state. I accompanied it about three quarters of a mile, till some limbs of dead trees, broken off by the whirl, flying about, and falling near me, made me more apprehensive of danger; and then I stopped, looking at the top of it as it went on, which was visible, by means of the leaves contained in it, for a very great height above the trees. Many of the leaves, as they got loose from the upper and widest part, were scattered in the wind; but so great was their height in the air, that they appeared no bigger than flies. My son, who was, by this time, come up with me, followed the whirlwind till it left the woods, and crossed an old tobacco-field, where, finding neither dust nor leaves to take up, it gradually became invisible below as it went away over that field. The course of the general wind then blowing was along with us as we travelled, and the progressive motion of the whirlwind was in a direction nearly opposite, though it did not keep a strait line, nor was its progressive motion uniform, it making little sallies on either hand as it went, proceeding sometimes faster, and sometimes slower, and seeming sometimes for a few seconds almost stationary, then starting forwards pretty fast again. When we rejoined the company, they were admiring the vast height of the leaves, now brought by the common wind, over our heads. These leaves accompanied us as we travelled, some falling now and then round about us, and some not reaching the ground till we had gone near three miles from the place where we first saw the whirlwind begin. Upon my asking Col. Tasker if such whirlwinds were common in Maryland, he answered pleasantly, No, not at all common; but we got this on purpose to treat Mr. Franklin. And a very high treat it was, to Dear Sir, Your affectionate friend, and humble servant

B. F.

[Note numbering follows the Franklin Papers source.]

9Letter XXIX; also in 1774 edition, pp. 364–7.

1Sent in the packet of June 26, 1755. See above, IV, 429.

2Either Col. Benjamin Tasker (1690–1768) of Anne Arundel Co., member of the Maryland Council, 1722–68; acting governor, 1752–53; several times mayor of Annapolis; or his son also Colonel Benjamin (1720–1760), who was a delegate to the Albany Congress. Md. Hist. Mag., IV (1909), 192. The incident BF describes probably took place in April 1755, when he accompanied Governors Shirley and Morris to Annapolis and later conferred with General Braddock at Frederick.

3In 1774 edition: “and when I saw the passing whirl continue entire, after leaving the trunks and bodies of large trees, which it had enveloped.”

Index Entries