George Washington Papers
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To George Washington from James Caldwell, 20 April 1780

From James Caldwell

Connecticut Farms [N.J.] April 20. 1780.

Sir,

Yesterday I expected to have waited upon your excellency, to communicate such intelligence as had come to my knowledge of the State of the Enemy—But the weather, added to my not being in good health, prevented—& the same obsticles remain to day.1

The fleet which sailed some time ago, (after a halt, occasioned probably from their apprehentions of a Storm) proceeded.2 Some more Vessels are watered but no prospect of a speedy embarkation. The Press still continues. The Galatea on Sunday drove one of our Privateers on Shore near the Hook & tooke out 65 men—& was chassing one or two more:3 Five or six Vessels arrived from Glasco—No News.

And what particularly concerns us preparations are making for a Stroke upon the Guards at Eliz. Town, if not farther in the Country. They are much flushed with their late success at Paramus.4 The Horse who performed that expedition went off Statten Island. They have Boats sufficiently large to carry a Troop of Horse at a time and come rapidly upon our Guards. And partly from the smallness of their Numbers but more from their inattention, I do not doubt of the success of our enemies. The time assigned for this expedition will fall about Saturday Night5—viz. the first favourable evening after the Moon shall rise about nine or ten O’Clock. Several other circumstances must concur—The wind must not be too high, and a careless Officer on the lines. There is something very ungenerous in uttering general murmours against Officers—But I do solemnly assure your excellency if there is not a change at Eliz. Town there is no safety here for active individuals, nor for the Troops themselves long. There never were better Soldiers than the privates of the Contl Line. While the Generals, Parsons, St Clair, or DeCalb, commanded,6 they woud consult or gain knowledge from Inhabitants or Officers on the Lines—Without information no Stranger can command with safety or expectation.

Permit me now, my esteemed General, to ask the favour of your sending Colo. Dayton with his Regt to take the Comd at Elizabeth Town, covering his rear either with the Troops now here or with the Jersey Brigade. In addition to this let a strong House in Town be taken for the Guard (there are two that will answer) where they may defend themselves till relieved from the Country.7 The Horse will not penetrate far in the Country & leave that party behind them. If something is not done speedily the active people must move off from the lines & the Country will lie open to the trade & ravages of the Enemy. If Colo. Dayton with the party proposed could be down in time & the enemy attempt to carry their present plan into execution, they might probably be cut off. And I cannot think of any way in which he can bring his men down to act with propriety unless they come to reli[e]ve the Troops in Town. It is impossible for us to gain the intelligence necessary, to lay & execute plans, in conjunction with the officers now on the lines, who, to say no more, are strangers.8

When I saw Colo. Dayton last, which was Two Days ago, I conversed with him upon the matters above. And as I suppose he is gone to Head Quarters, or will be there soon, I need not add. He has got the very necessary business of intelligence in a good way, & can give your excellency full satisfaction. We cannot communicate to the officers here the Intelligence rec’d very particularly, without sacref[i]cing worthy persons who have staked their lives, & without blasting our designs. Begging pardon for saying so much, Your Excellencys most obedt and very huml. sert

James Caldwell

ALS, DLC:GW.

1GW reported the weather at Morristown on 19 and 20 April in his diary entries for those dates: “19th. A little rain fell last night. This day lowering & dripping quite throughout, with the Wind, for the most part disagreeably fresh from No. West.

“20th. Wind still at No. West & fresh; the Morning lowering and dripping, but clearer afterwards and cold” (Diaries description begins Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, eds. The Diaries of George Washington. 6 vols. Charlottesville, Va., 1976–79. description ends , 3:351).

2For this British fleet, which proved to be a reinforcement for the forces operating against Charleston, S.C., see Elias Dayton to GW, 6 April, and n.1 to that document.

3New York City printer Hugh Gaine’s journal entries for 15 and 16 (Sunday) April read: “A Report of several vessels below, they prove to be the Galatea and Delight after Privateers. … The vessels below, two Privateers run ashore by the Vulture and Galatea, one of them the Rattlesnake the other the Black Snake, both of Rhode Island” (Ford, Journals of Hugh Gaine description begins Paul Leicester Ford, ed. The Journals of Hugh Gaine, Printer. 1902. Reprint. [New York] 1970. description ends , 2:85).

4For an overview of the engagement at Paramus, N.J., on 16 April, see Jonathan Hallett to GW, same date, and n.1 to that document.

5Caldwell presumably means Saturday, 22 April.

6These major generals had commanded the Continental army’s screening forces over the previous months (see GW to Samuel Holden Parsons, 13 Dec. 1779; to Arthur St. Clair, 27 Jan. 1780; and to Johann Kalb, 29 Feb. 1780).

7GW acted upon Caldwell’s recommendation (see GW to Elias Dayton, 31 May, postscript, NjP: Edward Ambler Armstrong Collection).

8GW’s aide-de-camp Richard Kidder Meade wrote Adj. Gen. Alexander Scammell from headquarters at Morristown on Friday, 21 April: “His Excellency desires you will be pleased to give orders immediately for Col. Daytons Regt to hold itself in readiness to March tomorrow morning at 8. OClock—The Men Detached from it to compose a part of the four Battalions to maneuvre on Monday next are not to March with the Regt—You will be pleased to direct the Commanding Officer of the Regt to call here for his orders” (DLC:GW; see also General Orders, 17 April, and n.2 to that document, and GW to Jedediah Huntington, 20 April, and the source note to that document).

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