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To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 1 June 1794

From James Madison

Philada. June 1. 1794.

Dear Sir

The Stamp act was poisoned by the ingredient of the tax on transfers. The centinels of Stock uniting with the adversaries of the general plan formed a large majority. The carriage tax which only struck at the Constitution has passed the H. of Reps. and will be a delicious morsel to the Senate. The attempt of this Branch to give the P. power to raise an army of 10,000. if he should please, was strangled more easily in the H. of R. than I had expected. This is the 3d. or 4th. effort made in the course of the Session to get a powerful military establishment, under the pretext of public danger and under the auspices of the P.’s popularity. The bill for punishing certain crimes &c. including that of selling prizes has been unexpectedly called up at the last moment of the Session. It is pretended that our Citizens will arm under French Colors if not restrained. You will be at no loss for the real motive, especially as explained by the circumstances of the present crisis. The bill for complying with Fauchet’s application for a million of dollars, passed the H. of R. by a large majority. The Senate will certainly reject it. Col. M. is busy in preparing for his embarkation. He is puzzled as to the mode of getting to France. He leans towards an American vessel which is to sail from Baltimore for Amsterdam. A direct passage to F. is scarcely to be had, and is incumbered with the risk of being captured and carried into England. It is not certain that Negro Cotton can be had here. German linens of all sorts can. Nothing of Blake. Tomorrow is the day of adjournment as fixt by the vote of the two Houses; but it will probably not take place till the last of the week. We have had 8 or 10 days of wet weather from the N.E., which seems at length to be breaking up. Yrs. Affy.

Jas. Madison Jr

RC (DLC: Madison Papers); endorsed by TJ as received 10 June 1794 and so recorded in SJL.

The stamp act failed in the House of Representatives on 27 May 1794. The bill to raise an army of 10,000 was strangled three days later (Annals description begins Annals of the Congress of the United States: The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States … Compiled from Authentic Materials, Washington, D.C., Gales & Seaton, 1834–56, 42 vols. All editions are undependable and pagination varies from one printing to another. The first two volumes of the set cited here have “Compiled … by Joseph Gales, Senior” on the title page and bear the caption “Gales & Seatons History” on verso and “of Debates in Congress” on recto pages. The remaining volumes bear the caption “History of Congress” on both recto and verso pages. Those using the first two volumes with the latter caption will need to employ the date of the debate or the indexes of debates and speakers. description ends , iv, 725–6, 735–9). For the background to the bill for punishing certain crimes, the so-called Neutrality Act of June 1794, see note to Memorial from Edmond Charles Genet, 27 May 1793. A section of this bill that banned selling prizes, a privilege denied by treaty to the enemies of France but still being exercised by that country, was deleted by the House on 2 June 1794 (Annals description begins Annals of the Congress of the United States: The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States … Compiled from Authentic Materials, Washington, D.C., Gales & Seaton, 1834–56, 42 vols. All editions are undependable and pagination varies from one printing to another. The first two volumes of the set cited here have “Compiled … by Joseph Gales, Senior” on the title page and bear the caption “Gales & Seatons History” on verso and “of Debates in Congress” on recto pages. The remaining volumes bear the caption “History of Congress” on both recto and verso pages. Those using the first two volumes with the latter caption will need to employ the date of the debate or the indexes of debates and speakers. description ends , iv, 747–57). Madison correctly predicted that the Senate would reject the application by French minister Jean Antoine Joseph Fauchet for a million of dollars in advance payment on the American debt to France (same, 129–30; Madison, Papers description begins William T. Hutchinson, Robert A. Rutland, J. C. A. Stagg, and others, eds., The Papers of James Madison, Chicago and Charlottesville, 1962–, 24 vols. description ends , xv, 336–7). Col. M.: James Monroe.

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