1. Francisco Rendon came to the United States from Cuba to serve as secretary to Juan de Miralles, Spain’s unofficial representative to Congress. Rendon subsequently succeeded the deceased Miralles and established quarters in Philadelphia that he shared with GW in late 1781 and into 1782 (see Morris Papers description begins E. James Ferguson et al., eds. The Papers of Robert Morris, 1781–1784. 9 vols. Pittsburgh, 1973–99. description ends , 3:296–97, 303). Rendon’s later career included several diplomatic postings and a correspondence with GW (see GW to Rendon, 19 Dec. 1785, in Papers, Confederation Series description begins W. W. Abbot et al., eds. The Papers of George Washington, Confederation Series. 6 vols. Charlottesville, Va., 1992–97. description ends 3:473–75, and Rendon to GW, 7 Dec. 1793, in Papers, Presidential Series description begins W. W. Abbot et al., eds. The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series. 19 vols. to date. Charlottesville, Va., 1987–. description ends 14:488–89; see also Cummins, Spanish Observers description begins Townsend Cummins. Spanish Observers and the American Revolution, 1775–1783. Baton Rouge, La., 1991. description ends , 168–95).

2. For the death of Miralles and his funeral proceedings, see GW’s first letter to La Luzerne, 28 April, source note.

3. La Luzerne apparently forgot to enclose this intelligence. GW apprised him of the oversight in a letter dated 11 May, and La Luzerne eventually sent two documents written in French (both in DLC:GW; see also GW to La Luzerne, 14 May, FrPMAE). One was an undated document that listed twenty-six French warships, with their commanders, that had arrived at Martinque on 21 March. The document also named nineteen French warships and their commanders already operating in the West Indies. The second document was a letter dated 28 March from Martinique newspaper editor Pierre Richard to La Luzerne that provided intelligence on potential British naval operations in the West Indies.