James Madison Papers
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https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-14-02-0097

To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 11 November 1791

From Thomas Jefferson

Nov. 11. 1791.

Th: J. to J. M.

In my report on How’s case,1 where I state that it should go to the President, it will become a question with the house Whether they shall refer it to the President themselves, or give it back to the Petitioner, & let him so address it, as he ought to have done at first. I think the latter proper, 1. because it is a case belonging purely to the Executive. 2. The Legislature should never shew itself in a matter with a foreign nation, but where the case is very serious and they mean to commit the nation on it’s issue. 3. Because if they indulge individuals in handing through the legislature their applications to the executive, all applicants will be glad to avail themselves of the weight of so powerful a sollicitor. Similar attempts have been repeatedly made by individuals to get the President to hand in their petitions to the legislature, which he has constantly refused. It seems proper that every person should address himself directly to the department to which the constitution has allotted his case; and that the proper answer to such from any other department is, that ‘it is not to us that the constitution has assigned the transaction of this business.’ I suggest these things to you, that if they appear to you to be right, this kind of business may in the first instance be turned into it’s proper channel.

RC (DLC); FC (DLC: Jefferson Papers).

1On 14 Nov. 1791 Jefferson reported on William Howe’s petition to the House of Representatives, which had referred it to him. A resident of Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, Howe alleged that, contrary to existing treaties, a British court had found against his claim of a debt due him in Nova Scotia. When Jefferson’s report was read in the House, “On motion of Mr. Madison, William Howe had leave to withdraw his petition” (Ford, Writings of Jefferson description begins Paul Leicester Ford, ed., The Writings of Thomas Jefferson (10 vols.; New York, 1892–99). description ends , V, 393; National Gazette, 7 Nov. 1791; Gazette of the U.S., 16 Nov. 1791).

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