1. JM probably referred to the device discussed in Samuel K. Jennings’s A Plain Elementary Explanation of the Nature and Cure of Disease, Predicated upon Facts and Experience; Presenting a View of that Train of Thinking Which Led to the Invention of the Patent, Portable Warm and Hot Bath (Washington, D.C., 1814; Shaw and Shoemaker description begins R. R. Shaw and R. H. Shoemaker, comps., American Bibliography: A Preliminary Checklist for 1801–1819 (22 vols.; New York, 1958–66). description ends 31825). Jennings (1771–1854), a native of New Jersey, 1790 graduate of Queen’s College, and Methodist elder, later became the first president of Asbury College in Baltimore. On 30 Oct. 1813 he had requested that Thomas Jefferson recommend the invention to the U.S. government for the use of the army and navy. Jefferson sketched the device in a 13 Nov. 1813 letter to Samuel Brown, describing it as “a tin quadrantal tube … about 3. feet long, 4.I. diameter at the lower end and 2.I. at the upper, into the square aperture at bottom is set a small tin cup of ardent spirits, which are kindled, and the fumes issue at the small end which is introduced into the bed of the patient, under the bedclothes, and the fumes permitted to apply as an atmosphere to the whole body, or to any particular part of it.” Jennings received a patent for the invention in January 1814. By May of that year, at John Armstrong’s request, he had demonstrated its use to army surgeons at Norfolk, with favorable reviews (ibid., 104–6, 115; Looney et al., Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series, 6:569–71, 614–15).