James Madison Papers
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To James Madison from Presley Nevill and Samuel Roberts, 7 October 1806

From Presley Nevill and Samuel Roberts

Pittsburgh (Penna.) 7th. October 1806.

Sir,

Notwithstanding our extreme reluctance to excite allarms, on suspicions which may be groundless, or to say any thing which, in the most remote degree, might affect the character of a man whose intentions may be pure, we think that we should not discharge our duty, as citizens, if we suppressed certain information, which has lately been communicated to us, on a subject deeply affecting the stability of the government.

A Gentleman, of high respectability and honor, residing near this place, lately requested the Chief Justice of this State, and ourselves to hear a detail of certain conversations, which sometime since passed between Col. Aaron Burr and our Informant, and others of his family: To give a correct written statement of those conversations would, perhaps, be as unnecessary, as it would be difficult: a general outline, of the remarks of Col. Burr is all we can attempt; and indeed, according to our Informants, much more was to be collected, from the manner in which certain things were said, and hints given, than from the words used.

A seperation of the Western country, from that part of the United States, which borders on the Atlantic, was spoken of, by Col Burr, as an event, which would certainly take place, within a very short period (according to our recollection, the period named was about four years). He spoke of a wide field, about to be opened, for men of talents, and enterprize, and especially for Milatary men. He was particular in his inquiries, relative to the strength, of this part of the country—Of the number and organization of the Militia—Of the Military characters—Of the persons who had been concerned in the late western insurrection, in this State. He remarked on the folly of engaging, in such an enterprize, with the weak and indecisive characters, who conducted that: insisting that those, who should engage in such an undertaking, ought to have a Leader, a man who would carry them through &ca. He spoke, in high terms, of the strength, and military spirit of the western country; and derided the weakness and pusillanimity of the country bordering on the Atlantic. In short the whole tenor of his conversation was such, as to leave a strong impression on the minds, of those Gentlemen with whom those conversations were held, that a plan was arranging, or arranged, for effecting this seperation of the Union, in which Col. Burr seemed to have no ordinary interest.

We sincerely hope, that these alarms may not be well founded; in that hope, we neither have, nor will impart, the information which we received, save in the present communication; and in making this, we have no doubt, that our motives will be duly appreciated, however unimportant it may prove. We have the honor to be, with great respect, sir, Your Obedt. servts.

Presley Nevill1
Saml. Roberts2

RC (DLC: Burr Conspiracy Collection). Docketed by Jefferson.

1Presley Nevill (1755–1818), a native of Winchester, Virginia, graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1775. He served in the Virginia Line throughout the Revolutionary War, and as aide-de-camp to the marquis de Lafayette from 1775 to 1778. By 1792 he was living in Pittsburgh. Nevill served as a Federalist in the Pennsylvania house of representatives from 1793 to 1796, took the side of law and order during the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794, and by 1799 had risen to the rank of major general in the militia. He lost to Albert Gallatin in the contest for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1800 but was elected to the office of Pittsburgh burgess in 1803. A director of the branch Bank of Pennsylvania established in Pittsburgh in 1804, Nevill was also a trustee of the Pittsburg Academy (now the University of Pittsburgh). His family and public life were intermixed and not free from controversy: around 1805 he served as a second to his daughter’s fiancé, Tarleton Bates, in a politically motivated duel in which Bates was killed by William Wilkins; and in 1806 his son joined Burr’s expedition. Impoverished in later life owing to unfortunate land speculations, he moved in 1816 to the town of Neville, Ohio, which he had established in the vicinity of Cincinnati, where he died (J. Bernard Hogg, “Presley Neville,” Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 19 [1936]: 17–26).

2Samuel Roberts (1761–1820) was born in Philadelphia and joined the bar there in 1793. After practicing law in Lancaster and Sunbury, he moved to Pittsburgh in 1803, upon being appointed president judge of Pennsylvania’s fifth judicial district. He held that office until 1818, and continued to serve as judge of a reorganized district until his death (Boyd Crumrine, ed., History of Washington County, Pennsylvania, with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men [Philadelphia, 1882], 244). Roberts was also the author of A Digest of Select British Statutes, Comprising Those Which […] Appear to Be in Force, in Pennsylvania; With Some Others (Pittsburgh, 1817).

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