51To James Madison from Thomas Cramer, 4 March 1822 (Madison Papers)
A Guide to Virginia Militia Units in the War of 1812
52To James Madison from Clarkson Crolius, 29 November 1819 (Madison Papers)
Clarkson Crolius (1773–1843) was a potter and stoneware manufacturer, a veteran of the War of 1812, and a New York state politician. In 1819 Crolius was grand sachem of the Tammany Society (William C. Ketchum Jr.,
53To James Madison from Samuel Dana, 6 February 1818 (Madison Papers)
For the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture, established in 1792, and its revitalization after the War of 1812, see Tamara Plakins Thornton,
54William Darby to Thomas Jefferson, 12 June 1817 (Jefferson Papers)
the War of 1812, after which he went to
55Charles Yancey to Thomas Jefferson, 1 December 1819 (Jefferson Papers)
(1784–1880), attorney and public official, was a militia captain during the War of 1812. He sat for his native (d. 1836), attorney and public official, was captain of an artillery battalion during the War of 1812. He was the senior warden of a newly organized Masonic lodge in
56To James Madison from John A. Dix, 20 May 1827 (Madison Papers)
John A. Dix (1798–1879) was a veteran of the War of 1812 who remained in the army until 1826, assigned some of that time as aide-de-camp to Maj. Gen. Jacob Jennings Brown and rising to the rank of major. (For Dix’s visit to Montpelier with Brown...
57John A. Dix’s Diary Account of his Monticello Visit, 19 February [1820], document 1 in a group of documents on John A. … (Jefferson Papers)
to fight in the War of 1812.
58Dodge & Oxnard to Thomas Jefferson, 1 October 1821 (Jefferson Papers)
. During the War of 1812 he commanded the privateer
59To James Madison from Benjamin Drake, 6 November 1821 (Madison Papers)
Tecumseh (1768–1813), of Creek and Shawnee heritage, fought U.S. forces in the Ohio country during the 1790s. During the War of 1812, Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet, projected an Indian confederacy, allied their forces with the British, and participated in a number of battles. Tecumseh was killed at the Battle of the Thames (
60To James Madison from William P. Duval, 14 November 1826 (Madison Papers)
Regiment of Infantry during the War of 1812, retiring as a colonel in 1821. A year later, he was appointed a federal judge in East Florida. Smith’s antipathy toward
61To James Madison from William Eustis, 27 December 1818 (Madison Papers)
William Gray (1750–1825), a prosperous merchant of Salem, and later Boston, and a state politician, vigorously supported JM’s administration and the War of 1812. He was elected lieutenant governor of Massachusetts as a Republican in 1810 and 1811. In 1816 he was unanimously elected president of the Boston branch of the Second Bank of the United States, and he served in that...
62To James Madison from William Eustis, 6 June 1823 (Madison Papers)
the “long continued opposition to the federal government” during the War of 1812, when “an unhallowed spirit of party was permitted to prevail over the vital interests of the country.”
63Peter Force to Thomas Jefferson, 30 July 1819 (Jefferson Papers)
, 1813–15, and served in the War of 1812. Force moved in 1815 to
64Peter F. Fritez to Thomas Jefferson, 1 September 1820 (Jefferson Papers)
was also a sergeant in the militia during the War of 1812, a longtime member of the
65William Johnson to Thomas Jefferson, 18 June 1822 (Jefferson Papers)
militia during the War of 1812 and rejoined the service in 1818 as a judge advocate. He was also a member of
66To James Madison from Edmund Pendleton Gaines, 16 October 1826 (Madison Papers)
...Pendleton Gaines (1777–1849), a Virginia-born soldier, entered the U.S. Army as an ensign in 1797 and became a captain in 1807. A series of rapid promotions followed the start of the War of 1812, and his service at the Battle of Crysler’s Field and as commander at Fort Erie, where he was severely wounded, led to a rank of brigadier general. He saw service in the Seminole and Black Hawk...
67To James Madison from Joseph Gales Jr., 22 June 1821 (Madison Papers)
The U.S. Army in the War of 1812: An Operational and Command Study
68Thomas J. Gantt to Thomas Jefferson, 24 August 1821 (Jefferson Papers)
; arguing that during the War of 1812 Americans had “emulated the devotedness, and eclipsed the valor that had made us free and independent” (p. 29); praising the officers of that conflict; and ending with the hope that the nation’s institutions and political... ...events of 4 July 1776; listing and hailing officers from the American Revolution and War of 1812; and concluding with the belief...
69Samuel Garland to Thomas Jefferson, 15 June 1820 (Jefferson Papers)
, where he served in the county militia during the War of 1812 and established a legal practice. During his long and successful business career, he lived in a mansion on
70Francis W. Gilmer to Thomas Jefferson, 26 November 1818 (Jefferson Papers)
. He was a militia surgeon during the War of 1812 and a
71Joseph Gilmore to Thomas Jefferson, [ca. 14 June 1820] (Jefferson Papers)
was away on military service during the War of 1812. He transported goods to and from
72To James Madison from Duff Green, 15 October 1827 (Madison Papers)
Duff Green (1791–1875), a veteran of the War of 1812, was a prominent Missouri merchant and politician before he moved to Washington, D.C., in 1825 and purchased the
73Jeremiah Greenleaf to Thomas Jefferson, 23 June 1819 (Jefferson Papers)
during the War of 1812, rising from ensign in 1813 to 2d lieutenant the following year. After the publication of his
74Thomas Griffin to Thomas Jefferson, 29 December 1821 (Jefferson Papers)
militia during the War of 1812, rising to the rank of major, and he was a justice of the A Guide to Virginia Militia Units in the War of 1812
75To James Madison from John H. Hall and Others, 10 October 1823 (Madison Papers)
Moses M. Russell (d. 1852), of South Carolina, was second lieutenant in the First Artillery during the War of 1812, saw combat at the battles of Chippawa, Fort Erie, and Fort McHenry, and was honorably discharged in June 1815. In 1817 he was appointed U.S. consul at Riga but apparently never established himself there (Baltimore
76Charles Pinckney to Thomas Jefferson, 6 July 1821 (Jefferson Papers)
. Hamilton was a lieutenant when his regiment was ordered to engage the American forces during the War of 1812. When he refused, he was held as a prisoner of war until the end of hostilities. In 1818 Hamilton received a commission in
77Enclosure: Richard Harrison to Henry Williams Dwight, 10 April 1822 (Jefferson Papers)
. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1809, and established a legal practice in his hometown. After serving as an aide with the rank of colonel during the War of 1812,
78Thomas Jefferson’s Conveyance of Limestone Tract to Abraham Hawley, 28 February 1821 (Jefferson Papers)
by 1810 and served as a private in the Virginia militia during the War of 1812. He sold lime to TJ between 1818 and 1822, and in 1820 he was paid for work done at the Virginia Militia in the War of 1812: From Rolls in the Auditor’s Office at Richmond
79Horace H. Hayden to Thomas Jefferson, 6 January 1821 (Jefferson Papers)
licensed him as a dentist. During the War of 1812 Hayden served as a sergeant and assistant surgeon in
80Henry Herring to Thomas Jefferson, 17 July 1819 (Jefferson Papers)
who served in the militia during the War of 1812. In 1816 he partnered with Maryland Militia, War of 1812
81Daniel Sheffey to Thomas Jefferson, 30 August 1821 (Jefferson Papers)
opposed the War of 1812 and supported rechartering the
82To James Madison from Charles J. Ingersoll, 25 December 1817 (Madison Papers)
...histories, and political pamphlets. Active in state and local politics, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1813–15 and 1841–49, and as U.S. district attorney, 1815–29. His history of the War of 1812 was first announced as a three-volume work,
83From John Jay to Peter Augustus Jay, 25 January 1819 (Jay Papers)
The election of Clintonian Obadiah German (1766–1842) to speaker of the state assembly. German was involved in the western canal project, and had opposed the War of 1812. It took five ballots for the Assembly to settle on German on 6 Jan. 1819. William Thompson (Anti-Clintonian), William A. Duer, Michael Ulshoeffer, and Federalist J. R. Van Rensselaer also ran. See
84From John Jay to the Committee of the Corporation of the City of New York (Jacob B. Taylor, John Yates Cebra, Richard … (Jay Papers)
4: 476–77. Jacob Morton (1756–1837), led the New York Militia during the War of 1812 and was clerk of the New York City Council from 1809 to 1836.
85To John Jay from Peter Augustus Jay, 22 November 1821 (Jay Papers)
James Miller (1776–1851), lawyer, brevet brigadier general in the War of 1812, governor of Arkansas Territory, and territory supervisor of Indian affairs (1819–24).
86Thomas Jefferson to James Hamilton (1786–1857), 9 September 1821 (Jefferson Papers)
. Following the outbreak of the War of 1812, he served in the ; suggests that the War of 1812 was necessary to improve the relationship between the
87Thomas Jefferson to John H. Cocke and David Watson, 10 March 1817 (Jefferson Papers)
in 1797 and then began a career in law. During the War of 1812 he served in the militia as a major and commander of a troop of cavalry from A Guide to Virginia Militia Units in the War of 1812
88Thomas Jefferson to Tarlton Saunders, 3 January 1821 (Jefferson Papers)
companies of the Virginia militia during the War of 1812, and he bought flour from TJ through Virginia Militia in the War of 1812: From Rolls in the Auditor’s Office at Richmond
89Thomas Jefferson to Robert Taylor, 3 March 1819 (Jefferson Papers)
’s 1807 treason trial, he served during the War of 1812 as a brigadier general of militia charged with defending the region around
90Thomas Jefferson to Abraham Lange, 25 December 1818 (Jefferson Papers)
militia during the War of 1812. His farm and mill in that county were situated on the road between
91Thomas Jefferson to James Monroe, 30 October 1817 (Jefferson Papers)
The Republic’s Private Navy: The American Privateering Business as practiced by Baltimore during the War of 1812
92Thomas Jefferson to Charles Morris, 4 January 1818 (Jefferson Papers)
, was promoted to lieutenant in 1807. During the War of 1812
93To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 18 October 1825 (Madison Papers)
Bernard Peyton (1792–1854), a Richmond commission merchant, was a veteran of the War of 1812, having served in the U.S. Army Twentieth Regiment of Infantry from March 1812 to June 1815. He rose to the rank of captain. In 1825 he was appointed adjutant general of Virginia. Peyton was also Richmond...
94To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 17 May 1820 (Madison Papers)
Robert Barraud Taylor (1774–1834) was a Norfolk lawyer, a veteran of the War of 1812, and a member of the original board of visitors of the University of Virginia, serving from 1819 to 1822 (Tyler,
95To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 10 March 1817 (Madison Papers)
...school societies. He was an early supporter of the University of Virginia and served on its board of visitors from 1819 to 1852. David Watson, a 1797 graduate of the College of William and Mary and veteran of the War of 1812, was a lawyer who represented Louisa County in the Virginia General Assembly (Malcolm H. Harris,
96Thomas Jefferson to Andrew Kean, 11 November 1818 (Jefferson Papers)
and practiced medicine in the surrounding counties. During the War of 1812 Kean served as a surgeon in
97Thomas Jefferson’s Deed of Trust of Bedford County Land to Andrew Stevenson and Bernard Peyton, 15 September 1819 … (Jefferson Papers)
, 1809–16 and 1819–21, presiding as Speaker, 1812–16. During the War of 1812 Stevenson was a militia captain, and from 1812–14 he sat on
98Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Hart Benton, 24 December 1821 (Jefferson Papers)
in 1809, and during the War of 1812 he served under
99To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 30 August 1823 (Madison Papers)
...in May 1800. He was U.S. senator from Massachusetts, 1803–11, and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, 1813–17, from which positions he bitterly opposed the Jefferson and Madison administrations and the War of 1812.
100Thomas Jefferson to William Gray, 13 August 1820 (Jefferson Papers)
’s administration during the War of 1812.