1John Quincy Adams to Thomas Boylston Adams, 22 January 1804 (Adams Papers)
Free Trade and Sailors’ Rights in the War of 1812
2From James Madison to Robert Bowie, 6 December 1803 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
...Nov. 1803. He had been a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, 1785–86, 1788–90, and 1801–3. He was reelected governor in 1804, 1805, and 1811 and was a strong supporter of the War of 1812 (Sobel and Raimo,
3From James Madison to Daniel Clark, 30 September 1803 (Madison Papers)
Tunstall Quarles (ca. 1770–1855) was a Virginia-born Kentucky lawyer and politician who commanded a company of the state militia during the War of 1812 and served two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1817–20.
4Promissory Note to John Cox, 23 July 1806 (Madison Papers)
John Cox (1775–1849) was a Georgetown, D.C., merchant. He served in the War of 1812, participated in the Battle of Bladensburg, and was mayor of Georgetown, 1823–1845 (
5From James Madison to Richard Cutts, 19 April 1805 (Madison Papers)
...hostility this raised against him in Salem. He served as state senator in 1807–8 and 1821, and was elected lieutenant governor of Massachusetts on the Republican ticket in 1810 and 1811. He supported JM’s administration during the War of 1812, ran unsuccessfully for office in several other elections, and served as president of the Boston branch of the Bank of the United States (
6From Thomas Jefferson to Lewis Deblois, 24 May 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
...were on friendly terms with a number of prominent political families. By 1804, TJ was using Deblois as an intermediary for handling small Alexandria accounts. Burdened by debts after the War of 1812, the Deblois family left Alexandria for Massachusetts, where Tristram Dalton had been appointed surveyor of the port of Boston. When Dalton died in 1817, Deblois expected to succeed his father-...
7From James Madison to the House of Representatives, 31 December 1805 (Madison Papers)
.... On 8 Oct. 1814 he wrote again and explained that he was having his former letter and the current one printed in New York lest his papers had been destroyed when the British burned Washington during the War of 1812 (“May it please your excellency, To receive my hearty and sincere congratulations on your reelection to the president-ship of the United States of America …” [New York,...
8From James Madison to William Hull (Abstract), 22 March 1805 (Madison Papers)
...in the American Revolution, he practiced law in Newton, Massachusetts, where he was also a judge in the court of common pleas and a state senator. He was governor of Michigan Territory until the War of 1812, when he was made a brigadier general in command of the Army of the Northwest. He is perhaps best known for his surrender of Detroit in August 1812, which led to a court-martial...
9To Thomas Jefferson from James T. Leonard, 8 August 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
...series of postings in home waters. An acting lieutenant by 1804, when he was chosen to safeguard the stock certificates for the purchase of Louisiana from France, he was formally promoted to that rank in 1807. During the War of 1812, Leonard served as master of the The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History
10To Thomas Jefferson from John Stokely, 20 December 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
...to the Aaron Burr conspiracy, a topic that had come close to home when his neighbors raided the Harman Blennerhassett estate outside of Parkersburg in December 1806. During the War of 1812 and while serving in the Virginia militia, Stokely directed his pen toward the War Department, writing seven detailed letters that offered advice and lodged complaints about the unpatriotic behavior...
11To Thomas Jefferson from Joseph Priestley, Jr., 20 December 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
, which were published in 1806. He traveled to England on business in 1811, but the outbreak of the War of 1812 interfered with his return to the United States, and Priestley wound up spending the remainder of his life in his native country (Jenny Graham,
12To Thomas Jefferson from James Bankhead, 15 August 1803 (Jefferson Papers)
...noting he was “an intelligent worthy young man.” Bankhead began a career in the army in 1808, where he was commissioned as a captain in the Fifth Infantry. He served in the adjutant general’s department during the War of 1812. He was promoted to major in 1814 and to lieutenant colonel in 1832. In 1838, he was breveted as a colonel for
13To Thomas Jefferson from William C. Jenckes, 14 June 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
. After Jenckes’s commission was revoked following a court of inquiry in May 1804 that found his conduct with a civilian unofficerlike, he entered the merchant marine and captained a privateer during the War of 1812. Jenckes later drowned when his vessel capsized during a gale (
14To Thomas Jefferson from Rensselaer Havens, 25 June 1803 (Jefferson Papers)
in a shipping business, and during the War of 1812, the two outfitted several private brigs, including the
15To Thomas Jefferson from George Izard, 30 August 1801 (Jefferson Papers)
...U.S. minister to Portugal, William Loughton Smith. A son of former U.S. Senator Ralph Izard of South Carolina, George Izard subsequently enjoyed a distinguished public career, which included service as a major general during the War of 1812 and an appointment as governor of the Arkansas Territory (
16To Thomas Jefferson from Peter Lenox, with Jefferson’s Notes, 26 May 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
...President’s House under Benjamin Henry Latrobe. TJ later commissioned him as construction foreman on several projects, including the building of a custom frame for holding the Mammoth Cheese. After the War of 1812, Lenox became clerk of works, first at the executive mansion and then, in 1817, at the Capitol. He owned a successful lumber business in Washington, invested in local real...
17To Thomas Jefferson from Henry Dearborn, with Jefferson’s Approval, 29 December 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
rose to the rank of lieutenant. Although he resigned his commission in 1810, Lucas served in the infantry until his death in the War of 1812 (
18To Thomas Jefferson from James Patton Preston, 29 September 1801 (Jefferson Papers)
...Montgomery County, Virginia, graduated from the College of William and Mary in 1795, and served several terms in both the Virginia Senate and the House of Delegates. Promoted to infantry colonel in the War of 1812, during which he suffered crippling wounds, he also served as governor of Virginia from 1816 to 1819 and became postmaster of Richmond before retiring to his estate in Montgomery...
19To Thomas Jefferson from Augustine Eastin, 31 January 1803 (Jefferson Papers)
. His son Zachariah served with distinction as an officer at the Battle of Tippecanoe and during the War of 1812 (Phyllis Eastin Clendaniel,
20To Thomas Jefferson from Ebenezer Elmer, 25 January 1802 (Jefferson Papers)
Ebenezer Elmer (1752–1843) of Cumberland County, New Jersey, was a founder of the Society of the Cincinnati and a veteran of both the Revolutionary War and War of 1812. Trained in medicine by his brother Jonathan Elmer, he was active in state and national politics, was first elected to the New Jersey assembly in 1789, and served as its speaker for three separate years. A Republican...
21To Thomas Jefferson from David Stone, Willis Alston, and Thomas Wynns, 19 October 1803 (Jefferson Papers)
...R. Davie unsuccessfully ran against him in 1803. Alston continued to support TJ after Macon and John Randolph broke with the administration. He was noted for his altercations with Randolph. He supported the War of 1812 and did not stand for reelection in 1815. Alston returned to state politics, serving in the house of commons from 1820 to 1824. He was again elected to Congress, this time as...
22To Thomas Jefferson from Wade Hampton, 26 June 1801 (Jefferson Papers)
...1803. In 1808 Hampton accepted a commission in the army and the next year replaced General James Wilkinson as commander at New Orleans. He resigned his commission after taking part in the ill-fated invasion of Canada during the War of 1812 (
23To Thomas Jefferson from Caleb Prew Bennett, [14] July 1801 (Jefferson Papers)
...by the end of the war. He subsequently operated a public ferry on Christiana River, then became an innkeeper at New Castle. In 1807 he was elected treasurer of New Castle County and served as a major during the War of 1812. In 1833 Bennett won a close election to become the first Democrat elected governor of Delaware (
24To Thomas Jefferson from Abner Ritchie, 9 February 1805 (Jefferson Papers)
..., and land speculator. In about 1802, he opened a grocery business in Georgetown. Ritchie remained a grocer until his death, but he also engaged in various other enterprises, including the establishment of a blanket factory during the War of 1812. Charles Beatty’s estate was one of several in which Ritchie acted as administrator or trustee (Willie Anne Cary Turk,
25To Thomas Jefferson from Charles Biddle, James Gamble, and John Douglass, 25 May 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
...-1840) was a lifelong resident of Philadelphia who served as a city alderman beginning in 1802 and later as high sheriff. Douglass was a veteran of the American Revolution and also served in the War of 1812. His military experiences were such that a “large concourse of citizens” attended his funeral, including Vice President Richard M. Johnson (same, 2:1631-2; John C. Lowber and Clements...
26To Thomas Jefferson from Henry Dearborn, with Jefferson’s Approval, 10 December 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
: although he apparently did not accept his commission as a cadet, Ogilvie eventually served as a captain of infantry during the War of 1812 (Dearborn to Ogilvie, 13 Dec.,
27To Thomas Jefferson from George Ingels, 5 October 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
...met Ingels in March 1802, when he delivered a letter from Robert Patterson recommending him for the position of military storekeeper at the Schuylkill Arsenal. After receiving his appointment in April 1802, Ingels served in this position through the War of 1812 (
28To Thomas Jefferson from John H. Purviance, 12 October 1801 (Jefferson Papers)
The Republic’s Private Navy: The American Privateering Business as Practiced by Baltimore during the War of 1812
29To Thomas Jefferson from Joseph Wheaton, 1 February 1802 (Jefferson Papers)
...Fort Stoddert. His failure to do either earned him the enmity of the postmaster general, which resulted in a lawsuit and repeated petitions by Wheaton to Congress for compensation. He returned to the military during the War of 1812, serving as a deputy assistant quartermaster general in the army. Madison nominated him to be a deputy quartermaster general in 1814, but the Senate rejected...
30To Thomas Jefferson from James Jones Wilmer, 15 September 1803 (Jefferson Papers)
No. 3386). Wilmer advertised plans to establish an academy in Havre de Grace, and he became chaplain to the U.S. Congress from 1809 to 1813 and to the Northwestern army during the War of 1812 (Wilmer,
31To Thomas Jefferson from William J. Stone, 8 October 1803 (Jefferson Papers)
William J. Stone (d. 1822) resided in Fluvanna County and served as an infantry lieutenant and clerk during the War of 1812. He did not receive a Louisiana appointment from TJ and unsuccessfully sought his assistance in 1810 and 1812 in settling a land dispute (
32To Thomas Jefferson from Henry Dearborn, 31 May 1802 (Jefferson Papers)
received his ensign’s commission, dated to 7 May 1802, and eventually rose to the rank of major in the United States Army. Settling in the Michigan Territory after the War of 1812, he later served as register of the land office at Detroit and as an Indian agent at Green Bay. He died at Detroit in 1858 (
33To Thomas Jefferson from Joseph Stokes, 3 February 1803 (Jefferson Papers)
History of Harford County Maryland from 1608 (the Year of Smith’s Expedition) to the Close of the War of 1812
34To Thomas Jefferson from Auguste Chouteau, 20 November 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
...forwarded mineral samples and a survey of the Mississippi River to TJ, and secured appointments as a justice of the peace and commander of the local militia. For about six years after the War of 1812, he became a leading negotiator with trans-Mississippi Indians. He was the founding president of the Bank of Missouri, which became the federal depository in the territory, but in later years...
35To Thomas Jefferson from Philip Reed, 26 November 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
Philip Reed (1760-1829) lived outside Chestertown, Maryland. He rose to infantry captain during the American Revolution, served as a lieutenant colonel in the War of 1812, and was later made brigadier general in honor of his service to Maryland. He held various state and local offices, including an associate judgeship from 1794 until at least 1816, two terms as a state legislator, and...
36To Thomas Jefferson from Edward Roche, 9 November 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
...justice of the peace for Wilmington, offices he held for life. He also helped organize Wilmington’s water department and was an officer in the Veteran Home Guard, organized to help defend the city against British invasion during the War of 1812 (Henry Hobart Bellas, “A History of the Delaware State Society of the Cincinnati,”
37To Thomas Jefferson from John Goddard, 23 April 1803 (Jefferson Papers)
...by the Federalists. As recommended by New Hampshire Republicans, TJ in 1802 appointed him a commissioner of bankruptcy. As an elector, Goddard cast his vote for Jefferson in 1804. Opposed to the War of 1812, he helped organize the Peace party ticket and as a presidential elector in 1812 voted for DeWitt Clinton. He served many years as an officer of the Union Bank and was frequently placed...
38To Thomas Jefferson from Richard Napier, 20 April 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
Napier served in the Tennessee militia during the War of 1812, rising to the rank of colonel. In 1817, he established the Laurel Furnace, which he operated with slave labor. According to his tombstone, he died one of the “Oldest Iron Masters of Middle Tennessee” (John...
39To Thomas Jefferson from John Hollins, 3 November 1802 (Jefferson Papers)
The Republic’s Private Navy: The American Privateering Business as Practiced by Baltimore during the War of 1812
40To Thomas Jefferson from David Stone, 28 December 1801 (Jefferson Papers)
...S. Senate in 1801, where he served until 1807. After two terms as governor of North Carolina, Stone returned to the Senate in 1813, but he resigned the following year due to his lack of support for the War of 1812 and retired to his plantation in Wake County (
41To Thomas Jefferson from Timothy Bloodworth, 12 December 1803 (Jefferson Papers)
an ensign in the army in March 1804. He resigned the following year, settled in Natchitoches, changed the spelling of his name to Bludworth, and became a colonel in the Louisiana militia during the War of 1812 (Marie Norris Wise,
42To Thomas Jefferson from Jean Louis Fernagus de Gelone, 15 May 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
...’s political essay on Latin America. In January 1815, Fernagus petitioned James Monroe for permission to visit British ships blockading the coast so that he could seek safe passage to France. After the War of 1812, Fernagus opened a new store in New York City and authored a guide for immigrants to the United States. Although no record exists of a reply by TJ to Fernagus’s 1804 letter...
43To Thomas Jefferson from "A Republican," 23 July 1802 (Jefferson Papers)
: John L. Leib married Margaret Conner of Philadelphia. During the War of 1812, Leib moved his family to Michigan Territory (Clarence M. Burton and others, eds.,
44To Thomas Jefferson from William Henry Harrison, 30 December 1801 (Jefferson Papers)
...Harrison governor of the newly formed Indiana Territory. The term of the office was three years, but Harrison was renominated and confirmed several times, until he resigned in December 1812 to command American troops in the northwest during the War of 1812. He was elected president of the United States in 1840, but died soon after taking office (
45To Thomas Jefferson from Michael Fortune, 23 June 1801 (Jefferson Papers)
, a work in Latin verse prompted by the War of 1812. When the African Episcopal Church in Philadelphia held a service on 1 Jan. 1808 to mark the proclaimed end of the African slave trade, Fortune, who also sold tickets for the church’s lottery, wrote a “New...
46To Thomas Jefferson from John Mitchell, 9 May 1803 (Jefferson Papers)
...States by August 1808, when he solicited another nomination from TJ. In 1811, Mitchell received an appointment as consul at Santiago, Cuba, but the Spanish government refused to allow any foreign officials on the island. In the War of 1812, he was agent for Americans held prisoner at Halifax (
47To Thomas Jefferson from Levett Harris, 7 August 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
sailors held in Tripoli, a diplomatic interposition that TJ and Madison were critical of. In 1813, Harris became secretary to the peace commission to end the War of 1812 and, in 1814, the chargé d’affaires to Russia. Accusations of misconduct prevented his appointment as minister to Russia, but he was later made chargé d’affaires to France in 1833. After returning to the United States,...
48To Thomas Jefferson from William J. Lewis, 7 March 1804 (Jefferson Papers)
...along the James River in Campbell County. In addition to farming, he operated a quarry along the James and some mills. Active in local and military affairs, he organized a regiment at the commencement of the War of 1812, represented Campbell County in the House of Delegates for four terms and also at the Staunton Convention of 1825, and served as a representative in the Fifteenth...
49From James Madison to Walter Jones Jr., 20 July 1805 (Madison Papers)
Livingston, Francis Scott Key, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay. During the War of 1812, he fought in the Battle of Bladensburg; in 1821 Monroe appointed him brigadier general of militia; eventually he became major general of the District of Columbia. He was a founding member of both the American Colonization Society and...
50To James Madison from Samuel Huntington, William Sprigg, and Daniel Symmes, 22 August 1805 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
...in the conservative wing of the state Republicans. Huntington served as governor from 1808 to 1810, was a member of the state legislature from 1811 to 1812, and was district paymaster in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812..... He was a lieutenant Colonel in the regular army in the War of 1812. He was named presiding judge of the court of common pleas in 1815 and served there until...