1From James Madison to Edmund Randolph, 7 January 1783 (Madison Papers)
...” JM omitted 285, signifying “cy.” He underlined the ciphers for “tacit.” Article VIII of the “Treaty of Alliance, Eventual and Defensive,” concluded between the United States and France in 1778, reads: “Neither of the two parties shall conclude either truce or peace with Great Britain, without the formal consent of the other first obtained; and they mutually engage not to lay...
2From James Madison to Edmund Randolph, 10 June 1783 (Madison Papers)
...” JM signified the British naval headquarters there. Congress, reflecting the provisions of the preliminary treaties of peace agreed upon by Great Britain with the United States and France, adopted a proclamation on 11 April 1783 declaring that in the Atlantic Ocean north of the latitude of the Canary Islands hostilities had legally ceased on 3 March, which was one month subsequent to...