1To James Madison from William Duane, 22 February 1814 (Madison Papers)
Duane referred to Federalist attempts to suppress political opposition following John Adams’s election to the presidency and culminating in the 1798 passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts. In 1799, under the latter act, Duane was twice arrested. After being acquitted of fomenting seditious riot, he faced charges of seditious libel based on an article published in his paper, the Philadelphia
2To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 16 March 1814 (Madison Papers)
19 July 1798). For the “terror” associated with the 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts, see