James Madison Papers
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To James Madison from George Joy, 27 June 1823

From George Joy

London 27th June 1823

Dear sir,

Your letter of the 10th Novr.1 reached me only on the 17th Inst.—the anniversary of one of the battles of which I shipped you the picture with the Duplicate of the Book of which it announces the receipt.2 I had heard of the wreck of the Scipio long after it occurred; and, as there seemed a sort of fatality attending my efforts to place the Book in your possession, I had ordered a third Copy—determined to conquer Fate, which any man may do if he pleases—and I should suppose he had yielded the point, in contemplation of a beating, if I knew how to reconcile anachronisms. Mr. B. Joy in a letter of the 26th April informs me that your Letter had reached Boston in his absence,3 and been mislaid; and Judge Jackson,4 who was charged with his despatches, kept it till he reached London some 14night after his arrival at L’pool; which brought it to my hands on the above ominous day: from all which I augur nothing. The original 17th June was indeed portentous; but what events are still to follow from the noble stand that was then made in favor of the Rights of Man, is just about as doubtful at this moment as at any since that day. It was the policy of Spain to play Fabius, and would have been if her resources had been triple what they were; and there has been no evidence of a desire in the nation, to return to the ancien regime, from which failure on that ground should be anticipated. The news of the day from Portugal is perhaps the most discouraging feature in the prospect before us; and, considering the value of the stake, there is an apathy in the friends of freedom that can only be referred to the ill success of the late efforts to fix her Banner on the soil of Europe—retrospect to the military usurpation of Buonaparte, as the termination of a struggle for a free government, is no doubt appalling to the friends of the representative system; and there is too much of the mockery of Church and King in the Institutions for which even the Advocates for what are called constitutional Governments are content to compound, to leave the mind invigorated by those principles of abstract, indefeasible right which can alone support it’s energies, and screw it up to the pitch of irresistible resistance which a Revolution so important demands. I have been looking for Mina5 on the french side of the Pyrenees, where with a Nucleus of 10 M men, and a Proclamation in five Lines of the true fact, that this is not a War between France & Spain, but between Despotism and Liberty; he might not only put the former in jeopardy, but eventually overthrow it; and surely the Republicans, on a retrospect to the secret note, and other indications of what they have to expect from the success of these Animals, would not fail to flock to such a standard; and the main army of the french is now so far advanced, that with the electric Communication that such an event would convey there could be no want of numbers to cut off their retreat. Many occurrences in our own revolution forbid one to despair of such a dénouement; but the moment is not very propitious to such hopes. Always very faithfully Dear sir, Your friend & Serv⟨ant⟩

G. Joy

RC (DLC). Addressed by Joy to JM, with the direction “via L’pool and New York.” On a verso fold of cover in an unidentified hand: “Liverpool 30 June} Recd. & Forwd: by yr ⟨st:⟩.” Postmarked at New York 10 Aug. Damaged by removal of seal.

1Letter not found.

2For the print of the Battle of Bunker Hill and books sent by Joy, see Joy to JM, 30 Jan. 1823, PJM-RS description begins David B. Mattern et al., eds., The Papers of James Madison: Retirement Series (3 vols. to date; Charlottesville, Va., 2009–). description ends , 2:631–32.

4Charles Jackson (1775–1855), born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, graduated from Harvard College in 1793 and went on to practice law in Boston. He was appointed a judge of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in 1813, and resigned his office due to ill health in 1823 (Boston Daily Atlas, 14 Dec. 1855; Alexandria Herald, 30 Apr. 1823).

5Francisco Espoz Illundáin (1781–1836), known later as Francisco Espoz y Mina, was a guerrilla leader in Navarre who fought against the French in the Peninsular War. With the restoration of Ferdinand VII in 1814, Mina was exiled but returned in 1820 and was active in liberal politics. Mina again took up arms when the French invaded Spain but was forced to capitulate in November 1823, after which he escaped to England. He tried, unsuccessfully, once more to dethrone the king in 1830. On the death of Ferdinand VII in 1833, Mina returned to Spain (George F. Nafziger, Historical Dictionary of the Napoleonic Era [Lanham, Md., 2002], 116, 198; John Lawrence Tone, The Fatal Knot: The Guerrilla War in Navarre and the Defeat of Napoleon in Spain [Chapel Hill, N.C., 1994], 93–95).

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