Adams Papers
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Abigail Adams to Abigail Adams Smith, 21 November 1800

Abigail Adams to Abigail Adams Smith

Washington, 21 November, 1800.

My Dear Child,

I arrived here on Sunday last, and without meeting with any accident worth noticing, except losing ourselves when we left Baltimore, and going eight or nine miles on the Frederick road, by which means we were obliged to go the other eight through woods, where we wandered two hours without finding a guide, or the path. Fortunately a straggling black came up with us, and we engaged him as a guide, to extricate us out of our difficulty; but woods are all you see, from Baltimore until you reach the city, which is only so in name. Here and there is a small cot, without a glass window, interspersed amongst the forests, through which you travel miles without seeing any human being. In the city there are buildings enough, if they were compact and finished, to accommodate Congress and those attached to it; but as they are, and scattered as they are, I see no great comfort for them. The river, which runs up to Alexandria, is in full view of my window, and I see the vessels as they pass and repass. The house is upon a grand and superb scale, requiring about thirty servants to attend and keep the apartments in proper order, and perform the ordinary business of the house and stables; an establishment very well proportioned to the President’s salary. The lighting the apartments, from the kitchen to parlours and chambers, is a tax indeed; and the fires we are obliged to keep to secure us from daily agues is another very cheering comfort. To assist us in this great castle, and render less attendance necessary, bells are wholly wanting, not one single one being hung through the whole house, and promises are all you can obtain. This is so great an inconvenience, that I know not what to do, or how to do. The ladies from Georgetown and in the city have many of them visited me. Yesterday I returned fifteen visits,—but such a place as Georgetown appears,—why, our Milton is beautiful.1 But no comparisons;—if they will put me up some bells, and let me have wood enough to keep fires, I design to be pleased. I could content myself almost anywhere three months; but, surrounded with forests, can you believe that wood is not to be had, because people cannot be found to cut and cart it! Briesler entered into a contract with a man to supply him with wood. A small part, a few cords only, has he been able to get. Most of that was expended to dry the walls of the house before we came in, and yesterday the man told him it was impossible for him to procure it to be cut and carted. He has had recourse to coals; but we cannot get grates made and set. We have, indeed, come into a new country.

You must keep all this to yourself, and, when asked how I like it, say that I write you the situation is beautiful, which is true. The house is made habitable, but there is not a single apartment finished, and all withinside, except the plastering, has been done since Briesler came. We have not the least fence, yard, or other convenience, without, and the great unfinished audience-room I make a drying-room of, to hang up the clothes in. The principal stairs are not up, and will not be this winter. Six chambers are made comfortable; two are occupied by the President and Mr. Shaw; two lower rooms, one for a common parlour, and one for a levee-room. Up stairs there is the oval room, which is designed for the drawingroom, and has the crimson furniture in it. It is a very handsome room now; but, when completed, it will be beautiful. If the twelve years, in which this place has been considered as the future seat of government, had been improved, as they would have been if in New England, very many of the present inconveniences would have been removed. It is a beautiful spot, capable of every improvement, and, the more I view it, the more I am delighted with it.

Since I sat down to write, I have been called down to a servant from Mount Vernon, with a billet from Major Custis, and a haunch of venison, and a kind, congratulatory letter from Mrs. Lewis, upon my arrival in the city, with Mrs. Washington’s love, inviting me to Mount Vernon, where, health permitting, I will go, before I leave this place.2

The Senate is much behind-hand. No Congress has yet been made. ’T is said ——— ——— is on his way, but travels with so many delicacies in his rear, that he cannot get on fast, lest some of them should suffer.3

Thomas comes in and says a House is made; so to-morrow, though Saturday, the President will meet them.4 Adieu, my dear. Give my love to your brother, and tell him he is ever present upon my mind. / Affectionately your mother,

A. Adams.

MS not found. Printed from AA, Letters, ed. CFA, 1840 description begins Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams. With an Introductory Memoir by Her Grandson, Charles Francis Adams, Boston, 1840. description ends , p. 432–435.

1AA wrote to AA2 again on 27 Nov., further describing the President’s House and noting that some visits required travel of four miles over rough roads (AA, Letters, ed. CFA, 1840, 2d edn. description begins Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams. With an Introductory Memoir by Her Grandson, Charles Francis Adams, 2d edn., Boston, 1840; 2 vols. description ends , 2:243–244).

2George Washington Parke Custis was commissioned a cornet in the provisional army on 10 Jan. 1799 and discharged on 15 June 1800 at the brevet rank of major. In a letter of 20 Nov. (Adams Papers), Custis’ sister, Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis, congratulated AA on her arrival and extended Martha Washington’s invitation to Mount Vernon (CFA, Diary description begins Diary of Charles Francis Adams, ed. Aïda DiPace Donald, David Donald, Marc Friedlaender, L. H. Butterfield, and others, Cambridge, 1964– . description ends , 2:9; Encyclopedia Virginia, www.encyclopediavirginia.org).

3Thomas Jefferson arrived in Washington, D.C., on 27 Nov., staying at Conrad and McMunn’s Boarding House until he moved into the President’s House on 19 March 1801 (Jefferson, Papers description begins The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Julian P. Boyd, Charles T. Cullen, John Catanzariti, Barbara B. Oberg, James P. McClure, and others, Princeton, N.J., 1950– . description ends , 32:260).

4JA delivered an opening message before the 2d session of the 6th Congress on 22 Nov. 1800, commenting on the government’s relocation to Washington: “You will consider it as the Capital of a great nation, advancing, with unexampled rapidity, in arts, in commerce, in wealth, and in population.” JA also cited the importance of strong diplomatic relations with France, Britain, and Prussia and called on Congress to enhance seaport fortifications and support the U.S. Navy. He further urged the reform of the federal judiciary: “No subject is more interesting than this to the public happiness, and to none can those improvements which may have been suggested by experience be more beneficially applied.” The Senate replied to JA’s message on 25 Nov., agreeing to address the subjects JA discussed and honoring George Washington. The House made a similar reply on 26 November. JA replied to the Senate and House on 26 and 27 Nov., respectively, thanking them for pledging to address the issues he had raised (Annals of Congress description begins The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States [1789–1824], Washington, D.C., 1834–1856; 42 vols. description ends , 6th Cong., 2d sess., p. 722–728, 785–786, 789–791, 793–794).

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