1. On 10 June 1816 the Daily National Intelligencer reported that a delegation of the Chickasaw Nation, headed by William Colbert and James Colbert, had been in Washington “for some days past.” Their goal was to obtain “a permanent adjustment of the boundaries between them and the Creeks, Cherokees and Choctaws; for which purpose Commissioners have been appointed.” The report stressed that the Chickasaws had always fought alongside the United States in war and had “never spilled the blood of a white man.” An account of their meeting with JM, later certified by James Colbert as translator on 10 Feb. 1817, mentioned that the Chickasaw wished the president to remove William Cocke as agent to the nation, that JM had agreed to this, and that he had promised further assistance to the nation with making ploughs, blacksmithing, and spinning as well as the provision of an “English school, in order to have our Children learned that they may become men of business and one day or other Citizens of the great American republic” (DNA: RG 75, LSIA).

2. The enclosure was, very likely, a copy of Andrew Jackson’s 13 Feb. 1816 letter to George Colbert, threatening the Chickasaw Indians with “immediate punishment” if they tried to prevent John Coffee from running a boundary line between the Chickasaw and Choctaw nations. The president, Jackson wrote, “loves his red children, & will do justice to them; but he will punish his red children when they attempt by force to do wrong” (Smith et al., Papers of Andrew Jackson, 4:13).

3. A treaty between the United States and the Sacs of Rock River was signed on 13 May 1816. JM submitted it to the Senate on 10 Dec. 1816 (ASP description begins American State Papers: Documents, Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States […] (38 vols.; Washington, D.C., 1832–61). description ends , Indian Affairs, 2:91–92, 94).