John Jay Papers
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From John Jay to Timothy Pickering, 8 June 1797

To Timothy Pickering

New York 8 June 1797

Sir

Read the enclosed Letter first To understand this Letter it will be necessary to r first to read the enclosed, this being a sequel to that—which I for ward now because ^which was intended for this mornings post but^ the mail was closed when my Secy brought the enclosed ^it^ to the Post office—1

The Capt. Clarke in Question is well known in this City— During the late War he served in the American army — Since the Re He has since been well considered and with Reason as one of Genets Partizans and agents—a violent Democrat and Gallican I have He is said to be subtle, active, and ^factious,^ unprincipalled, and was in many Respects valuable for Enterprizes an [Irish?] good man and needy ^and needy— I have had no opportunity of judging from my own observation how far this character of him is just—^2

The Vessel in which he came, arrived last Evening—about 10 o OCK. last night Mr. Pollocks Letter was delivered to me by the Capt I immediately sent him for Clarke, but before he had come on shore and was not to be found. I wanted to see him before he could see any Persons who might change have influence over him

He was with me this morning—but his Communications were much the same with those mentioned by Mr. Pollock— He professes that the very in jurious unjustifiable Conduct of the French ^France^ to his ^our^ Country urges him to make these Discoveries [in question?], and to do whatever may be in his power to frustrate these secret Designs of the French agt. us

I think ^suspect^ with Mr. Pollock that he ^Clark^ probably knows more thatn he at present is inclined to reveal reveal— He has a Letter for you which he purposes to deliver himself—3 He says that while on board the Revenge he heard the Fires which afterwards happened in this City, spoken of as Fires that would certainly happen— and that the very ^particular^ Houses and Stores were mentioned.4 He is positive That the Destruction of all our sea port Towns ^and Frigates^ is meditated— that a French Fort Fleet will ^is expected to^ co-operate with Incendiaries in that Design— That Efforts will be made to gain Canada by Conquest or Revolution—and that they depend on substantial aids from Vermont and Kentucky &ca. & Tennessee &ca— That he has Reason to think a watchful Eye shd. be kept over Genet, having often heard him spoken of in a Way which led him to that opinion—^that excited his apprehensions^

He deals much in generals—and as to the particulars he details, they neither afford nor are accompanied with Evidence sufficient to justify the arrest of any Individuals— He says he will endeavour & expects to obtain more certain Information— and thinks that with proper Secrecy and Management, much may be discovered.

The Capt. Expects the money for his ^Clarks^ Passage according to Mr Pollocks Stipulation & the sooner that is done the better; lest Clarke finding suspecting any Hesitation of that point, may become less Zealous than he now appears to be— I do not believe that Clark wd. committ himself as he has done to Mr Pollock, to me, and to our Atty Genl. G who was present this morning, for the sake s merely of this Passage Money which is only 50 Dol.—5 He must have other views ^motives^— He may b ^be^ influenced ^actuated^ by his Dispute with the Capt. Of the French Privateer ^personal-Resentments^—by some remaining Love for his Country—by the Hope and Expectation of Reward, and probably ^perhaps^ by each of these Considerations—

It appears to me prudent ^not^ to pay, ^not only^ his passage, to pay ^but^ his Expenses to Pha.—6 ^to treat him kindly but with Circumspection—^ to employ him as his Circumstances may indicate, and not to damp his Hopes whatever they may be ^of Reward^— He may be nothing more than a cunning ^relative to this Business be an^ Impostor, and he may not ^not^ in this Business ^He may^ be sincere and in earnest and consequently very useful. These are Que Doubts which can only be decided by fair Experiment.

I was to have gone into the Country this morning, but mus but this Business will detain me untill Tomorrow— During my absence I expected Mr Hoffman our attorney Genl. would attend to what might further be necessary to be done respecting ^it^—and Clark is to see him again privately tomorrow—For him to come frequently & publicly to the Offices of Govt might excite Suspicion ^it^. ^Finding however that^ Mr Hoffman however is ^being^ ^was^ obliged to go to Albany in a few Days, it was concluded between us that Mr. Harizon the Attorney Genl ^of the US^ for this District should be made acquainted with all the Particulars— While Mr Hoff[m]an remains in Town they will act in Concert— After his Departure I hope ^presume^ Mr. Harison will readily attend to it. I expect to be absent ^abt^ ten Days— in the mean Time ^to avoid Delay^ be pleased to instruct ^give^ Mr. Harison such Instructions as you may think proper—when I return I wil I have the Honor to be with great Respect & Esteem Sir Your most ob. & hble. Servt

The Honb. Timothy Pickering Esq / Secy of State

Dft, NNC (EJ: 09497). Endorsed: “… abt. a Capt. Clarke”.

1Probably P. J. Pollock to TP, 23 May 1797, MHi: Pickering. Procopio Jacinto Pollock, son of Oliver Pollock, was nominated by GW for the post of consul at New Orleans and confirmed by Senate in March 1797. GW to U.S. Senate, 2 Mar. 1797, DNA: RG 46—Senate; Senate Executive Journal, 4th Cong., 2nd sess., 228, 232. See Horace Edwin Pollock, Pollock genealogy: a biographical sketch of Oliver Pollock, Esq., of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, United States commercial agent at New Orleans and Havana, 1776–1784: with genealogical notes of his descendants: also genealogical sketches of other Pollock families settled in Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, 1883), 19–20.

2John Clarke sailed from New York on 22 Oct. 1796, aboard the French privateer La Vengeance (Revenge), Captain Berard (Berrard). Clarke claimed he served as an “inspector of ship papers”, but Berard countered that he had served as a commissioned officer. Following a dispute with Berard, Clarke wished to return to New York, and asked Pollock for a letter to serve as protection from prosecution. Pollock to TP, 23 May 1797, and TP to Richard Harison, 13 June 1797, both MHi: Pickering.

La Vengeance had sailed with a French crew from Santo Domingo and brought into New York, La Princessa de Asturias, a Spanish prize valued at $200,000 in the summer of 1795, where the legality of the capture was challenged by the Spanish consul on the grounds that the privateer had been previously armed in New York in violation of American neutrality. The privateer was under investigation for possible neutrality violations by Richard Harison, the United States Attorney for the District of New York, who also played a maj or role in contesting the legality of the Spanish prize. When Adet, the minister of the French Republic, complained in the press that the U.S. justice system had acted unfairly in ruling against Berard, TP requested that Harison send him information about the proceedings that could be used to sway public opinion and vindicate the court’s decision. See the notes in support of the La Vengeance from Adet to the U.S. Secretary of State of 15 Nov., published in several American newspapers, including Argus, Greenleaf’s New Daily Advertiser (New York), 23 Nov. 1796. See also TP to Harison, 1 Oct. 1795, and 10 and 15 Dec. 1796, all MHi: Pickering. For more on the diplomatic communications regarding La Vengeance case, see ASP: FR, 1: 564, 584–85, 621–29.

3See Pollock to TP, 23 May 1797, MHi: Pickering.

4Large fires suspected as arson occurring in New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Savannah, and Morrisville, Pa., were reported in the various newspapers in late 1796. In particular a huge fire in New York on 9 Dec. 1796 consumed a block of stores and houses in the Wall Street area, affecting nearly fifty buildings with an estimated value of about $70,000. Additional cases of attempted arson at individual houses in New York were also reported. Some rumors attributed the fires to a group of incendiaries, possibly foreign, or to “a Negro plot”. See Greenleaf’s New York Journal 9 Dec.; Argus, Greenleaf’s New Daily Advertiser (New York) and New-York Gazette, both 10 Dec.; Daily Advertiser (New York), 12 Dec.; Minerva (New York), 14 Dec.; Columbian Centinel (Boston), 17 Dec.; Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser (Philadelphia), 19 Dec. 1796; Abigail Adams to JA, 31 Dec. 1796, Adams Family Correspondence description begins Margaret Hogan et al., eds., Adams Papers: Adams Family Correspondence (13 vols. to date; Cambridge, Mass., 1963– description ends , 11: 472–75; Angelica Church to AH, 20 Jan. 1797, PAH description begins Harold C. Syrett et al., eds., The Papers of Alexander Hamilton (27 vols.; New York, 1961–87) description ends , 20: 471–73; and Robert Troup to RK, 28 Jan. 1797, King, Life and Correspondence of Rufus King description begins Charles R. King, M. D., ed., The life and correspondence of Rufus King; comprising his letters, private and official, his public documents, and his speeches (6 vols.; New York, 1894–1900) description ends , 2: 136–37.

5The brig Diadem under Captain Collin left Havana and spent two weeks at sea before reaching New York on 7 June. TP instructed Harison to pay fifty dollars to Collin for giving passage to Clarke from Havana to New York. Minerva (New York), 8 June, and Daily Advertiser (New York), 9 June 1797; TP to Harison, 13 June 1797, and TP to Hoffman, 15 June 1797, both MHi: Pickering.

6For additional correspondence related to payments for Clarke and information received regarding him, see TP to Harison, 13 June 1797, and to Hoffman, 15 June, 1797, both MHi: Pickering. Clarke did not immediately travel to Philadelphia, and what further information he provided, if any, has not been determined.

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