1. Letter not found.

2. John Vanderlyn (1775–1852) was a painter of portraits, historical scenes, and landscapes. Born in Kingston, New York, he was sent to Paris by Aaron Burr in 1796 to study painting, returning in 1801. He went back to Europe in 1803, where he painted the works that made his reputation. In 1815 he returned to the United States, and in the following years painted the portraits of a number of prominent Americans, among them JM (in 1816). He is probably best known for “Landing of Columbus” in the Rotunda of the Capitol in Washington, D.C. (Groce and Wallace, Dictionary of Artists in America, 1564–1860, 645; Theodore Bolton, “The Life Portraits of James Madison,” WMQ description begins William and Mary Quarterly. description ends , 3rd ser., 8 [1951]: 33).

3. James Warrell (ca. 1780–before 1854) was an English-born artist who came to the United States in 1793. He conducted a dancing school in Richmond, Virginia, from 1799 to 1808, when he began to paint portraits and historical subjects. In 1817 he opened Richmond’s first museum, which, among other objects, exhibited paintings, including those by Vanderlyn (Groce and Wallace, Dictionary of Artists in America, 1564–1860, 662; Virginia Writers’ Project, Virginia: A Guide to the Old Dominion [Richmond, 1992], 150–51).