1. Probably J. B. S. Thierry (see Rodney to JM, 17 Oct. 1809, and n. 3).

2. Luis de Onís had arrived in Washington on 19 Oct. as the minister of the Supreme Junta of Spain to the U.S. JM’s reluctance to recognize him grew out of the accession of Joseph Bonaparte to the Spanish throne, which led to rival groups’ claiming to be the de facto government in Spain. Since the British backed the Supreme Junta, ruling in the name of Ferdinand VII, Onís sought aid from Francis James Jackson, whose younger brother, George Jackson, was secretary of the British legation to the Junta. On 24 Oct. Onís and Jackson chanced upon the president at the Georgetown races, where the British minister introduced Onís to JM. As Francis James Jackson reported: “I have done what I could for Onis, but Madison refuses to receive him. This resolution was taken, it appears, some time before his arrival.” Onís became persona non grata because of his indiscretions, but JM finally recognized him as Spanish minister late in 1815 (Samuel Flagg Bemis, ed., American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy [10 vols.; New York, 1927–29], 3:260–61, 275; Brant, Madison description begins Irving Brant, James Madison (6 vols.; Indianapolis and New York, 1941-61). description ends , 5:98–99, 494 n. 19; Jackson, The Bath Archives description begins Lady Jackson, ed., The Bath Archives: A Further Selection from the Diaries and Letters of Sir George Jackson from 1809 to 1816 (2 vols.; London, 1873). description ends , 1:29; ASP description begins American State Papers: Documents, Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States ... (38 vols.; Washington, 1832-61). description ends , Foreign Relations, 3:404).